Title Klinički i javnozdravstveni značaj bakterijskih spolno prenosivih infekcija
Title (english) Clinical and public health significance of bacterial sexually transmitted infections
Author Marija Pavlović
Mentor Tomislav Meštrović (mentor)
Committee member Rosana Ribić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Tomislav Meštrović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Marijana Neuberg (član povjerenstva)
Granter University North (University centre Varaždin) (Department of Nursing) Koprivnica
Defense date and country 2019-12-16, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Infectology
Abstract Spolno prenosive infekcije su zarazne bolesti koje se prenose sa zaraţene na zdravu
osobu spolnim kontaktom, a takoĎer se mogu prenijeti i neizravnim kontaktom te s majke na
dijete. Uzročnici infekcija mogu biti različiti mikroorganizimi kao što su bakterije, virusi,
gljive i paraziti. Spadaju u najvaţnije javnozdravstvene izazove. Na globalnoj razini više od
440 milijuna osoba godišnje oboli od spolno prenosivih infekcija, a oko 60% tih infekcija se
pojavljuje kod osoba mlaĎih od 25 godina ţivota.
U najčešće bakterijske spolno prenosive infekcije spadaju klamidija, gonoreja i sifilis.
Najraširenija je klamidija koja je uzrokovana bakterijom Chlamydia trachomatis, pogotovo u
adolescenata. U više od 80% ţena nema nikakvih simptoma te stoga i ima naziv „tiha upala“.
Kapavac ili gonoreja zarazna je spolno prenosiva infekcija koju uzrokuje djelovanje
mikroorganizma Neisseria gonnorhoeae. Muškarci imaju 20% šanse za obolijevanje nakon
što se upuste u odnos sa zaraţenom ţenom, dok 50% ţena oboli nakon odnosa s muškarcem
koji boluje od gonoreje. Gonoreja se takoĎer moţe prenijeti s majke na dijete prilikom
poroda. Sifilis je kronična zarazna infekcija koja moţe zahvatiti različita tkiva i organe, a
uzročnik je spiroheta Treponema pallidum. Mycoplasma genitalium je molikut koji moţe
dobro moţe preţivjeti izvan i unutar stanice. Uzročnik je u 10-35% slučajeva uretritisa kod
muškarca, a simptomi su dizurija i iscjedak.
S napretkom tehnologije sekvencioniranja DNK napredovalo je i znanje o mikrobiomu
rodnice. Vaginalna flora igra vaţnu ulogu u reproduktivnom zdravlju ţene, a bakterijska
vaginoza se definira kao stanje u kojem dolazi do narušavanja njene ravnoteţe. Povezuje se s
povećanim rizikom od zaraze spolno prenosivih infekcija što kasnije moţe izazivati zdjeličnu
upalnu bolest, koja je jedna od najteţih komplikacija te prijevremeni poroĎaj. Zbog mogućih
kasnijih komplikacija i posljedica milijuni ţena i muškaraca koji obole od spolno prenosivih
infekcija ometeni su da ostvare sretno zajedništvo, obitelj i/ili društvenu ulogu. Kada je riječ o
prevenciji spolno prenosivih infekcija, najvaţnija je edukacija, pogotovo meĎu mlaĎom
populacijom.
Abstract (english) Sexually transmitted infections are infectious diseases that are transmitted from
infected to a healthy person by sexual contact; still, it can also be transmitted through indirect
contact and from mother to child. The infectious agents can be various microorganisms
belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These are the most important public health
challenges. Globally, more than 440 million people suffer from sexually transmitted
infections annually, and about 60% of these infections occur in people under 25 years of age.
The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections include chlamydia,
gonorrhoea and syphilis. Chlamydia is the most common among them (most notably in
adolescents), and it is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. More than 80% of women have no
symptoms, which is therefore referred to as “silent inflammation”. Gonorrhoea or clap is a
contagious sexually transmitted infection caused by the microorganism Neisseria
gonnorhoeae. Men have a 20% chance of getting infected after engaging in a relationship
with an infected woman, whereas 50% of women become ill after having a relationship with a
man suffering from gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea can also be transmitted from mother to child at
birth. Syphilis is a chronic infectious infection that can affect various tissues and organs, and
is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Mycoplasma genitalium is a mollicute that
can survive well outside and inside the cell; it is a causative agent in 10-35% of cases of
urethritis in men, presenting with the symptoms of dysuria and discharge.
With the advancement of DNA sequencing technology, knowledge of the vaginal
microbiome has advanced as well. Vaginal flora plays an important role in women’s
reproductive health, and bacterial vaginosis is defined as a condition in which the balance of
this flora is disturbed. It is associated with an increased risk of contracting sexually
transmitted infections, which can later cause pelvic inflammatory disease, one of the most
serious complications and preterm birth. Due to the possible subsequent complications and
consequences, millions of women and men suffering from sexually transmitted infections are
hindered from having a happy community, family and/or social role. When it comes to the
prevention of sexually transmitted infections, education is paramount, especially among the
younger population.
Keywords
spolno prenosive infekcije
komplikacije
prevencija
Keywords (english)
sexually transmitted infections
complications
prevention
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:122605
Study programme Title: Nursing Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva (stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-01-29 14:43:05