Title Primjena opioidnih analgetika u izvanbolničkoj hitnoj medicini
Title (english) Use of opioid analgesics in outpatient emergency medicine
Author Mateja Mačković
Mentor Karmen Brajša (mentor)
Committee member Rosana Ribić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Karmen Brajša (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Gordana Blagojević Zagorac (član povjerenstva)
Granter University North (University centre Varaždin) (Department of Nursing) Koprivnica
Defense date and country 2020-10-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Pharmacy Pharmacy
Abstract Bol prvenstveno ima ulogu zaštite organizma jer ona predstavlja jednu vrstu alarma i vrlo često je upravo bol prvi simptom i razlog zbog kojeg bolesnik traži liječničku pomoć. Mehanizam boli je vrlo složen kompleks, a sama percepcija boli ovisi o različitim čimbenicima koji se razlikuju kod svake osobe. Put širenja bolnog podražaja od mjesta ozljede do mozga poznat je kao bolni put, a svjesno doživljavanje boli nazivamo nocicepcija. Bolni put se po anatomiji i neurofiziologiji dijeli u četiri faze - transdukciju, transmisiju, modulaciju i percepciju. Bol možemo procijeniti uz pomoć raznih jednodimenzionalnih i multidimenzionalnih skala za procjenu intenziteta boli. Kod liječenja boli možemo koristiti razne farmakološke i nefarmakološke metode. Kod farmakoloških načina postoji niz lijekova koji se primjenjuju ovisno o intenzitetu boli. U pristupu liječenja boli najčešće se koristi trostupanjska ljestvica koju je izradila Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO). Ona preporuča da se kod blage boli primijeni neopioidni analgetik, kod umjerene boli slabiji opioidni analgetik (moguće uz neopioidni analgetik), a kod teške boli jak opioidni analgetik. Najjači analgetici su opioidi. Opioidni analgetici se primjenjuju kod liječenja vrlo jake ili kronične boli a svoje djelovanje ostvaruju preko μ, κ, te δ receptora. Učinci opioida su euforija, sedacija i stimulacija imunosnog sustava, ali najbitnija je analgezija koja je zajednička svim trima receptorima.
U ovom radu analizirat će se primjena opioidnih analgetika koji su korišteni 2019. godine u Zavodu za hitnu medicinu Zagrebačke županije. ZZHMZŽ od opioidnih analgetika koristi morfin i tramal za suzbijanje jake i vrlo jake boli. Analizirat će se primjena navedenih prema spolu, dobi, vrsti bola (akutna ili kronična), načinu primjene lijeka te učestalost paralelne primjene antiemetika u slučaju intravenske primjene opioida. Retrogradno će se analizirati podaci za 2019. godine u 8 ispostava Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Zagrebačke Županije uvidom u elektroničku bazu podataka e-Hitna.
Abstract (english) Pain primarily has the role of protecting the body because it is a kind of alarm and very often pain is the first symptom and reason why the patient seeks medical help. The mechanism of pain is a very complex, and the very perception of pain depends on different factors that differ in each person. The path of spreading a painful stimulus from the site of injury to the brain is known as the pathway, and consciously experiencing pain is called nociception. According to anatomy and neurophysiology, the pathway is divided into four phases - transduction, transmission, modulation and perception. Pain can be assessed using a variety of one-dimensional and multidimensional scales to assess pain intensity. We can use various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to treat pain. In pharmacological ways, there are a number of drugs that are administered depending on the intensity of the pain. The approach of treating pain most often uses a three-step scale developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). It recommends that in mild pain a non-opioid analgesic is used, in moderate pain a weaker opioid analgesic (possibly with a non-opioid analgesic), and in severe pain a strong opioid analgesic. The strongest analgesics are opioids. Opioid analgesics are used in the treatment of very severe or chronic pain and they act through μ, κ, and δ receptors. The effects of opioids are euphoria, sedation, and immune system stimulation, but the most important is analgesia that is common to all three receptors.
This thesis will analyse the use of opioid analgesics used in 2019 in the Department of emergency medicine of Zagreb county. The Department of emergency medicine of Zagreb county uses morphine and tramadol as opioid analgesics to suppress severe and very severe pain. The use will be analysed according to gender, age, type of pain (acute or chronic), different ways of drug application and frequency of concomitant use of antiemetics in the case of intravenous opioid use. Data from 2019 will be analysed retrograd thru all 8 EMS units of the Zagreb County Institute of Emergency Medicine by inspecting the electronic database e-Hitna.
Keywords
Opioidni analgetici
Zavod za hitnu medicinu
bol
morfin
tramadol
Keywords (english)
Opioid analgetics
Department of emergency medicine of Zagreb county
pain
morphine
tramadol
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:195158
Study programme Title: Nursing Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2021-02-09 11:28:02