The introduction lists historical ways of protecting people from the effects of atmospheric influences, the materials they used, and finally, how the method of construction developed in general. Standard building structure protects from temperature differences by the prescribed performance of the envelope layers, whose functions are of primary importance. Quality design of material layers is guided by the main task of keeping envelope function from disturbing caused by thermal interaction of thermal contacts. These days, the reduction of unnecessary waste of energy makes an issue considered by all of activity sectors. When it comes to construction sector, thermal insulation materials are crucial for improving energy efficiency, that is why they need to be designed and implemented according to the measures prescribed in the regulations and laws. The main dimensions of building physics that are considered in rating of the insulating quality are: thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance. The most common traditional materials are presented and compared next to modern, much more effective physical properties. If the envelope of an existing building consumes more energy than what is allowed, it is optional to be reconstructed with an energy renovation project, in other words, a new facade system. The most often choice is ETICS contact systems. The ventilated façade system combined with traditional thermal insulation materials completes the theme of modern energy efficiency into a successful complex of quality construction.