Abstract | Poslovni svijet je oduvijek bio obilježen izazovima. No u današnje vrijeme globalizacije, brzog napretka tehnologije i brzih promjena na svim razinama, zaposlenici, menadžeri i lideri moraju postići korporativne ciljeve i maksimalno doprinijeti uspjehu i ugledu organizacije. Potrebno je voditi različite, često interkulturalne timove, surađivati, koordinirati, poticati, smirivati, ponekad se suprotstaviti pa i pobijediti u debatama i sukobima. Sposobnost učinkovitog komuniciranja te motiviranja i inspiriranja zaposlenika da u ostvarivanju ciljeva organizacije, postignu više od procijenjenog osobnog maksimuma, ključne su kompetencije lidera današnjice. U tom visoko zahtjevom i stresnom okruženju, lekcije o principima, vještinama uz taktike borilačkih vještina, borbenih sportova i borbenih sustava mogu biti koristan alat u nadogradnji modela učinkovitog korporativnog upravljanja i osobnog osnaživanja, te na taj način doprinijeti razvoju liderskih vještina.
Ovaj rad se fokusira na borbeni sustav Krav Maga, koji se razvio kao rezultat povijesne nužnosti da se židovsko stanovništvo između dva svjetska rata zaštiti od uličnih napada prije svega pripadnika nacističkog pokreta, preko specifičnih borbenih vještina izraelske vojske do sustava samoobrane i bliske borbe namijenjen svima. Krav Maga razvija karakterne osobine i pripadajuće vještine i vrijednosti kao što su integritet, etičnost, poniznost, miroljubivost, nenasilje, samosvijest, disciplina, poštovanje, odgovornost, aktivno slušanje, sposobnost funkcioniranja u stresnim situacijama, i druge. Iste te osobine povezuju se s učinkovitim liderstvom, točnije, transformacijskim liderstvom. Kritičko razmišljanje, važnost mudrog pristupa, brze reakcije, razmišljanje “izvan kutije”, te potrebe da se donesu ponekad i teške odluke kako bi se efikasno prevladala situacija s kojom se suočavaju, mogu se razviti kroz treninge i edukacije koje odstupaju od standardnih pristupa. Suvremena interdisciplinarna istraživanja koja žele osvijetliti navedene mehanizme u kontekstu Krav Maga sustava su rijetka, a ovaj rad želi dati dublji uvid te doprinijeti uvećanju korpusa znanja u navedenom problemskom i teorijskom okviru.
Svrha ovog rada je ustanoviti povezanost vrijednosti, vještina i taktika treninga Krav Maga sustava samoobrane i bliske borbe i obilježja kompetencije liderstva s obzirom na mogućnosti njihove primjene u svakodnevnom poslovnom okruženju. Ciljevi rada su istražiti mogu li se vrijednosti i vještine Krav Maga sustava uspješno primijeniti u učinkovitom upravljanju promjenama (samoprocjenom) te utvrditi u kojoj mjeri usvojene vještine Krav Maga sustava oblikuju komunikacijske vještine ispitanika (samoprocjenom). U radu je primijenjena kombinirani metodološki pristup. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je web anonimna anketa te mala diskusijska grupa kao kvalitativna metoda. U obradi podataka su primijenjene kvantitativne metode deskriptivne statistike (tablice apsolutnih i relativnih frekvencija, aritmetička sredina – M, standardna devijacija - SD); metode inferencijalne statistike (neparametrijski testovi hi kvadrat test - ꭓ² test; Kolmogorov - Smirnovljev test – KS test; Mann-Whitney U test i Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije (Rho)) te multivarijantne metode (Cronbachova α i analiza glavnih komponenti - PCA). U obradi kvalitativnih podataka korištena je induktivna analiza transkripta diskusijske grupe. Za obradu kvantitativnih podataka je korišten statistički paket IBM SPSS Statistisc, verzija 27. Empirijsko istraživanje je provedeno u dvije etape – nakon što se provelo izviđajno predistraživanje zadovoljavajućih rezultata. uslijedilo je glavno istraživanje na namjernom uzorku ispitanika, polaznika različitih međunarodnih škola Krav Maga sustava iz ukupno 22 zemlje ((N = 98; M = 62, Ž = 36).
Dobiveni rezultati na ovom uzorku su pokazali da ispitanici visoko ocienjuju poboljšanje komunikacijskih vještina zbog treniranja Krav Maga sustava, pri čemu ispitanici nemenadžerske grupe zanimanja iskazuju samoprocjenom više vrijednosti. Nadalje, čini se kako se zajednička kompetencija (samoregulacija, samopoimanje i svijest o okolini) na polju Krav Maga i na polju liderskih kvaliteta postiže na osnovu treniranja Krav Maga, dok neformalno i kulturalno učenje potencijalno stečeno kroz radno iskustvo na ovom uzorku nisu povezani s razvojem liderskih kompetencija. Izlučene su tri glavne komponente kojima je demonstrirano da su derivirane vrijednosti, vještine i kvalitete (kompetencije) kojima se opisuje lider, ali i angažirani zaposlenik, svojstven visoko učinkovitim organizacijama. Nadalje, dobivene kompetencije možemo opisati kao imanentne kvalitete/osobine koje se mogu usvojiti, odnosno, dodatno razviti kroz treniranje Krav Maga sustava. Slijedom istoga, o okviru rada, konstruira se i predlaže model kompetencija visoko učinkovitog radnog okruženja u kontekstu Krav Maga sustava.
S obzirom na triangulacijski pristup (metoda) kao i na činjenicu da su znanstvena istraživanja ove vrste kao i tematike vrlo rijetka na globalnoj razini, nove spoznaje dobivene na temelju rezultata u odnosu na ovaj uzorak predstavljaju znanstveni doprinos ovoga rada, naročito u kontekstu osvješćivanja potencijalnih dobrobiti i međusobne povezanosti između vrijednosti Krav Maga i kompetencija liderstva prisutnih u različitim sferama profesionalnog i privatnog okruženja kao i konstruiranja modela kompetencija autentičnog transformacijskog lidera. |
Abstract (english) | The business world has always been marked by challenges. But in today’s age of globalization, rapid advances in technology, and rapid change at all levels, employees, managers, and leaders must achieve corporate goals and contribute as much as possible to the success and reputation of the organization. It is necessary to lead different, often intercultural teams, cooperate, coordinate, encourage, calm down, sometimes oppose and even win debates and conflicts. The ability to communicate effectively and motivate and inspire employees to achieve more than the estimated personal maximum in achieving the goals of the organization are the key competencies of today's leaders. In this highly demanding and stressful environment, lessons on principles, skills along with martial arts tactics, martial arts and combat systems can be a useful tool in upgrading models of effective corporate governance and personal empowerment, and thus contribute to leadership skills development.
This paper focuses on the Krav Maga combat system, which developed as a result of the historical necessity to protect the Jewish population between the two world wars from street attacks primarily by members of the Nazi movement, through specific combat skills of the Israeli army to a system of self-defence and close combat intended for all. Krav Maga develops character traits and associated skills and values such as integrity, ethics, humility, peacefulness, nonviolence, self-awareness, discipline, respect, responsibility, active listening, ability to function in stressful situations, and others. These same traits are associated with effective leadership, more specifically, transformational leadership. Critical thinking, the importance of a wise approach, quick reactions, out-of-the-box thinking, and the need to make sometimes difficult decisions to effectively overcome the situation they face can be developed through training and education that deviates from standard approaches. Contemporary interdisciplinary research that seeks to shed light on these mechanisms in the context of the Krav Maga system is rare, and this paper seeks to provide deeper insight and contribute to increasing the corpus of knowledge in this problem and theoretical framework.
The purpose of this paper is to establish the connection between the values, skills and tactics of training of the Krav Maga system of self-defence and close combat and the characteristics of leadership competence with regard to the possibilities of their application in an everyday business environment. The objectives of the paper are to investigate whether the values and skills of the Krav Maga system can be successfully applied in effective change management (self-assessment) and to determine the extent to which the acquired skills of the Krav Maga system shape the communication skills of respondents (self-assessment). A combined methodological approach was applied in the paper. A web-based anonymous survey and a small discussion group were used as a qualitative method for data collection. Quantitative methods of descriptive statistics (tables of absolute and relative frequencies, arithmetic mean - M, standard deviation - SD) were applied in data processing; methods of inferential statistics (nonparametric tests hi square test - ꭓ² test; Kolmogorov - Smirnov test - KS test; Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho)) and multivariate methods (Cronbach's α and principal components analysis - PCA). Inductive analysis of the discussion group transcript was used in the processing of qualitative data. The IBM SPSS Statistics statistical package, version 27, was used to process the quantitative data. The empirical research was conducted in two stages - after a survey of satisfactory results was conducted. This was followed by the main survey on a deliberate sample of respondents, students of various international schools of the Krav Maga system from a total of 22 countries (N = 98; M = 62, Ž = 36).
The obtained results on this sample showed that the respondents highly appreciate the improvement of communication skills due to the training of the Krav Maga system, while the respondents of the non-managerial group of occupations show higher value by self-assessment. Furthermore, it seems that joint competence (self-regulation, self-perception and environmental awareness) in the field of Krav Maga and in the field of leadership qualities is achieved based on Krav Maga training, while informal and cultural learning potentially gained through work experience in this sample are not related to development. leadership competencies. Three main components were identified which demonstrated that the derived values, skills and qualities (competencies) that describe the leader, but also the engaged employee, are inherent in highly efficient organizations. Furthermore, the acquired competencies can be described as immanent qualities/traits that can be adopted, ie, further developed through the training of the Krav Maga system. Consequently, on the framework of the work, a model of competencies of a highly efficient work environment in the context of the Krav Maga system is constructed and proposed.
Given the triangulation approach (method) as well as the fact that scientific research of this type and topic is very rare globally, new findings based on the results in relation to this sample represent the scientific contribution of this paper, especially in the context of awareness of potential benefits and the interrelationships between the values of Krav Maga and the leadership competencies present in different spheres of the professional and private environment as well as the construction of competency models of the authentic transformation leader. |