Acute poisoning is the main public health problem in the world. Acute poisoning in childhood is divided into two categories: intentional and unintentional poisoning, each of which has its own specific characteristics. The results of the monitoring of acute poisonings confirm that 90% of all poisonings most often occur in the home, and unintentional poisonings are most often drug poisonings and occur in children between 3 and 5 years of age. Unfortunately, there is no poisoning register in Croatia. The estimate is also based on the number of hospitalizations of children and includes 2–5% of hospitalized children, and in some hospitals even more (up to 10%). Acute poisonings, depending on the aspect, the required intervention and the method of care, are classified as emergencies. A small number of pediatric patients treated for acute poisoning require antidote treatment and intensive care. Basic knowledge of the procedure for the care of patients with acute poisoning is required, and it is extremely important to implement prevention methods that are insufficient. The lack of a national poison registry further complicates the monitoring and planning of preventive methods of measures. The aim of this paper is to show what are the factors influencing the occurrence of acute poisoning, what types of poisons are most common in practice, how to identify a child with acute poisoning, which diagnostic tests are performed, treatment and nurse intervention.