Title Zdravstvena njega bolesnika sa upalnim bolestima crijeva Title (english) Health care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease Author Marina Mihalic Mentor Melita Sajko (mentor)Committee member Ivana Herak (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Melita Sajko (član povjerenstva)Committee member Valentina Novak (član povjerenstva) Granter University North Defense date and country 2021-09-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Dvije najpoznatije i najčešće upalne bolesti crijeva (engl. Inflammatory bowel disease – IBD) su ulcerozni kolitis i Crohnova bolest. Manji broj slučajeva ne pripada ni jednoj od navedenih bolesti, a naziva se nedeterminirani kolitis ili neklasificirana upalna bolest crijeva. Uglavnom se navedene bolesti razlikuju po lokaciji upale. Upala kod ulceroznog kolitisa ograničena je na debelo crijevo, dok kod Crohnove bolesti upalom može biti zahvaćen cijeli gastrointestinalni trakt. Isto tako, jedna od značajnijih razlika je što kod ulceroznog kolitisa je zahvaćena samo sluznica i eventualno podsluznica debelog crijeva, dok je glavna karakteristika Crohnove bolesti transmuralnost upale. IBD je idiopatska bolest, no smatra se da veliku ulogu imaju nasljedna predispozicija, čimbenici okoliša, psihološki čimbenici te infekcije s određenim štetnim mikroorganizmima.
Rano postavljanje dijagnoze IBD-a je od velike važnosti zbog boljeg terapijskog učinka. Glavni ciljevi terapije su ublažavanje simptoma, postizanje remisije bolesti i sprječavanje egzacerbacije bolesti, te omogućiti bolesniku kvalitetan život. Terapijski postupci koji se koriste su medikamentozna terapija, terapija prehranom, kirurško liječenje i danas sve zastupljenija biološka terapija.
S obzirom na učestale hospitalizacije bolesnika s IBD-om, važnu ulogu ima medicinska sestra koja sa svojim stručnim znanjem i vještinama kroz zdravstvenu njegu i edukaciju pomaže bolesniku u rješavanju njegovih problema. Dobro educirana i empatična medicinska sestra pruža bolesniku emocionalnu i psihološku potporu koja mu je ponekad potrebna. Kako bi se zadovoljile potrebe bolesnika za dobrom zdravstvenom njegom, od velike je važnosti osigurati kvalitetu i kontinuitet u praćenju bolesnika i u tome pomaže vođenje sestrinske dokumentacije (sestrinska anamneza, postavljanje dijagnoze, postavljanje ciljeva, intervencije i evaluacija uz usku suradnju s bolesnikom).
U radu je prikazan slučaj bolesnika s ulceroznim kolitisom, klinička slika i tijek njegove bolesti (faze remisije i relapsa) a sa ciljem da se prikaže kako stres i drugi vanjski čimbenici mogu utjecati na egzacerbaciju bolesti unatoč terapijskim postupcima.
Abstract (english) The two best known and most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. A small number of cases do not belong to any of these diseases, and are called indeterminate colitis or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease. These diseases generally differ in the location of the inflammation. Inflammation in ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, whereas in Crohn's disease the inflammation can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. Also, one of the more significant differences is that in ulcerative colitis only the mucosa and possibly the submucosa of the colon are affected, while the main feature of Crohn's disease is transmural inflammation. IBD is an idiopathic disease, but hereditary predisposition, environmental factors, psychological factors, and infections with certain harmful microorganisms are thought to play a major role.
Early diagnosis of IBD is of great importance for better therapeutic effect. The main goals of therapy are to alleviate the symptoms, achieve remission of the disease and prevent the exacerbation of the disease, and to enable the patient a quality life. Therapeutic procedures used are drug therapy, diet therapy, surgical treatment and today the increasingly prevalent biological therapy.
Given the frequent hospitalizations of patients with IBD, an important role is played by the nurse who with her professional knowledge and skills through health care and education helps the patient in solving his problems. A well-educated and empathetic nurse provides the patient with the emotional and psychological support he or she sometimes needs. In order to meet patients' needs for good health care, it is important to ensure quality and continuity in patient follow-up and to help keep nursing records (nursing history, diagnosis, goal setting, interventions and evaluation in close collaboration with the patient).
The paper presents the case of a patient with ulcerative colitis, the clinical picture and the course of his disease (stages of remission and relapse) in order to show how stress and other external factors can affect the exacerbation of the disease despite therapeutic procedures.
Keywords
Ulcerozni kolitis
Crohnova bolest
terapijski postupci
značajnost medicinske sestre/tehničara
Keywords (english)
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease
therapeutic procedures
the importance of the nurse / technician
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:284082 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2021-11-08 13:49:09
