Title Debljina kao javnozdravstveni problem Title (english) Obesity as a public heath problem Author Željka Šnjarić Mentor Marin Šubarić (mentor)Committee member Irena Stipešević Rakamarić (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Marin Šubarić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Alen Pajtak (član povjerenstva)Granter University North Defense date and country 2021-11-11, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji pretilost i prekomjerna težina su definirani kao
nenormalno ili prekomjerno nakupljanje masti koje može biti štetno za zdravlje. Pretilost je
poremećaj koji je karakteriziran nerazmjernim povećanjem tjelesne težine u odnosu na visinu,
uglavnom zbog nakupljanja masti. Mnoge zdravstvene organizacije ga smatraju pandemijom
sadašnjeg stoljeća. Za dokazivanje dali netko ima prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu ili je pretio
koristimo indeks tjelesne mase. Za pojavnost debljine krivi su različiti čimbenici. Etiologija
debljine je povezana s genetikom te biološkim i okolišnim čimbenicima. Prema Svjetskoj
zdravstvenoj organizaciji u svijetu postoji više od 2 milijarde odraslih ljudi koji imaju
prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu. Od toga njih 650 milijuna je pretilo, odnosno ITM je jednaki ili veći
od 30 kg/m2. 39% muškaraca i 40% žena u dobi od 18 godina ili više ima prekomjernu tjelesnu
težinu, a njih 13% je pretilo. Hrvatska je jedna od zemalja s najvećom stopom debljine unutar
EU. U Hrvatskoj 20,37% odraslog stanovništva ima problem s debljinom, 20,14% muškaraca i
20,60% žena. Posljedično tome mogu nastati razne bolesti. Neke od tih bolesti su povezane s
metabolizmom, kardiovaskularnim sustavom(srčani infarkt i moždani udar), probavnim
sustavom, bolestima mišićno-koštanog sustav te zloćudne novotvorine(rak dojke, vrata
maternice, debelog crijeva, jednjaka i jetre). Debljina također utječe i na pojavu dijabetesa tipa 2.
Rad u smjenama se smatra rizičnim faktorom za pretilost, a studije koje su ispitivale taj odnos
provedene su u različitim grupama zanimanja u više različitih zemalja. Medicinska sestra je ta
koja prva razgovara s pacijentima. Vrlo je važno da na početku nema predrasuda prema osobama
s prekomjernom težinom, te da ih ne gleda osuđujuće. Bitno je stvoriti ugodnu atmosferu u kojoj
će se pacijent osjećati prihvaćeno i u kojoj može slobodno razgovarati o svom problemu.
Također je bitno poticati pacijenta na promjenu načina života, da se više kreće i kroz prehranu
unose dosta voća i povrća. Gazirana i zaslađena pića treba zamijeniti nezaslađenim pićima, a
najbolje bi bilo piti samo vodu. Šetnja se smatra najboljom fizičkom aktivnosti za pretile osobe.
Abstract (english) According to the World Health Organization, obesity and overweight are defined as abnormal or
excessive fat accumulation that can be harmful to health. Obesity is a disorder characterized by a
disproportionate increase in body weight relative to height, mainly due to fat accumulation.
Many health organizations consider it a pandemic of the current century. We use the body mass
index to prove whether someone is overweight or obese. There are various factors to blame for
the occurrence of obesity. The etiology of obesity is related to genetics as well as biological and
environmental factors. According to the World Health Organization, there are more than 2
billion adults in the world who are overweight. Of these, 650 million are obese, ie the BMI is
equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2. 39% of men and 40% of women aged 18 or over are
overweight, and 13% of them are obese. Croatia is one of the countries with the highest obesity
rate in the EU. In Croatia, 20.37% of the adult population has a problem with obesity, 20.14% of
men and 20.60% of women. As a result, various diseases can occur. Some of these diseases are
associated with metabolism, cardiovascular system (heart attack and stroke), digestive system,
diseases of the musculoskeletal system and malignant neoplasms (cancer of the breast, cervix,
colon, esophagus and liver). Obesity also affects the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Shift work is
considered a risk factor for obesity, and studies examining this relationship have been conducted
in different occupational groups in several different countries. The nurses are the first to talk to
the patients. It is very important that at the beginning there are no prejudices against overweight
people, and that they do not look at them condemningly. It is important to create a pleasant
atmosphere in which the patient will feel accepted and in which he can talk freely about his
problem.It is also important to encourage the patient to change their lifestyle, to move more and
eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.. Carbonated and sweetened drinks should be replaced with
unsweetened drinks, although it would be best to drink as much water as possible. Walking is
considered the best physical activity for obese people.
Keywords
debljina
prekomjerna tjelesna težina
prevencija
medicinska sestra
Keywords (english)
obesity
overweight
prevention
nurse
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:263244 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-01-11 09:41:05
