| Abstract | Zglob kuka je spoj trupa i donjih ekstremiteta. Čine ga dva zglobna tijela, glava bedrene kosti i acetabulum. Ta dva segmenta svojim spajanjem stvaraju kuglasti zglob koji omogućava pokrete u svim ravninama, te daje potporu tijelu. Baš zato što podnosi velika opterećenja, jako su česte njegove bolesti pogotovo u starijoj dobi. Najčešća bolest koja je indikacija za ugradnju endoproteze kuka je osteoartritis, ali kuk mogu zahvatiti još mnoge degenerativne bolesti, prirođene deformacije te traume. Kada je zglob u toj razini oštećen da mora doći do ugradnje umjetnog kuka, postoje dva načina da se to odradi. Ugradnja endoproteze kuka je kirurški postupak, koji zamjenjuje čitavi zglob, pa se govori o totalnoj endoprotezi kuka, gdje se zamjenjuju glava bedrene kosti i acetabulum ili se zamjenjuje samo dio zgloba, pa se govori o parcijalnoj endoprotezi kuka, gdje se zamjenjuje samo glava bedrene kosti. Cilj ugradnje endoproteze kuka je poboljšanje kvalitete života, ali to ovisi i o samoj motiviranosti pacijenta da povrati funkciju i znanju fizioterapeuta da mu pruži najbolju moguću rehabilitaciju. Endoproteza kuka ima tri načina kirurškog pristupa, a to su prednji, lateralni i stražnji pristup. Oni se razlikuju po načinu na koji kirurg ulazi u zglob, po mišićnoj oštećenosti te po samoj rehabilitaciji. Rehabilitacija nikad neće biti ista za prednji i stražnji pristup. Pacijent prije operacije treba obaviti preoperativnu rehabilitaciju, u kojoj će ga se naučiti o ugradnji endoproteze, educirati ga hodu sa štakama, te ga treba motivirati. Nakon operacije pacijent će imati rehabilitaciju, te bi se nakon 3 do 4 mjeseca, ako je rehabilitacija izvedena pravilno, trebao vratiti svim aktivnostima. |
| Abstract (english) | The hip joint is a junction of the trunk and lower extremities. It consists of two articular bodies, the head of the femur and the acetabulum. These two segments combine to create a spherical joint that allows movement in all planes and provides support to the body. Precisely because he endures heavy loads, his illnesses are very common, especially in old age. The most common disease that is an indication for hip implants is osteoarthritis, but many other degenerative diseases, congenital deformities and trauma can affect the hip. When the joint at that level is damaged that an artificial hip must be implanted, there are two ways to do this. Hip endoprosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure that replaces the entire joint, so it is a total hip endoprosthesis, where the femoral head and acetabulum are replaced or only part of the joint is replaced, and partial hip endoprosthesis, where only the femoral head is replaced. . The goal of implanting a hip endoprosthesis is to improve the quality of life, but it also depends on the patient's motivation to regain function and the knowledge of the physiotherapist to provide him with the best possible rehabilitation. The hip endoprosthesis has three modes of surgical approach, namely anterior, lateral, and posterior. They differ in the way the surgeon enters the joint, in the muscle damage and in the rehabilitation itself. Rehabilitation will never be the same for front and back access. Before the operation, the patient should undergo preoperative rehabilitation, in which he will be taught about the installation of an endoprosthesis, he will be educated to walk with crutches, and he should be motivated. After the operation, the patient will have rehabilitation, and after 3 to 4 months, if the rehabilitation is performed correctly, he should return to all activities. |
