A premature, or premature newborn, is a child born before the 37th week of pregnancy. He is considered a high-risk newborn. About 2,500 premature babies are born in the Republic of Croatia, which is 6% of all children born. The cause of premature birth can be factors from the anamnesis or disorders from the current pregnancy. Perinatal mortality is higher in underdeveloped countries, while in the Republic of Croatia it has been declining in recent years. A premature baby has underdeveloped organ systems and looks different from a full-term newborn. The respiratory system is not yet fully developed and in most cases mechanical ventilation is required. Various disorders and complications can develop due to an immature respiratory system. The metabolic system is also not fully developed, so complications are present in most cases. Hypothermia occurs due to low birth weight and insufficient subcutaneous fat tissue. Mother's milk, like the child, is immature, so it is not a sufficient source of nutrients, and premature babies are fed with various industrial preparations. The swallowing and sucking reflex is not developed, and in most cases they cannot eat on their own, so nutrition takes place through a nasogastric tube. Physiotherapy procedures for premature babies are unavoidable. Most often, respiratory physiotherapy is carried out in order to achieve better patency of the airways and improve the general condition of the respiratory system. In addition to respiratory physiotherapy, physiotherapy procedures are performed on the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. In addition to all the mentioned procedures, the education of parents is also very important.