| Abstract | Ponavljanje repetativnih istih ili sličnih pokreta predstavlja obrazac po kojem nastaje sindrom trkačke potkoljenice. Takvi uzastopni pokreti uzrokuju mikrotraume na tkivima, a problem nastaje kada takva trauma nadilazi sposobnost tkiva da se oporavi. Najčešći simptom dotičnog sindroma prenaprezanja odnosno sindroma trkačke potkoljenice je nelagoda i osjetljivost na palpaciju zahvaćenog područja. Ljudi koji su najčešće zahvaćeni ovim sindromom prenaprezanja jesu profesionalni i amaterski trkači, samim time jedan od uzroka nastanka dotičnog sindroma za vrijeme trčanja je kada je stopalo u kontaktu s podlogom s prednjim dijelom stopala uz nedostatak kontakta pete i podloge.
Kako bih se mogao pravilno dijagnosticirati sindrom trkačke potkoljenice, potrebno je pravilno poznavati anatomiju koljena i potkoljenice te biomehaniku hoda i trčanja. Hod je skup ravnomjernih i naizmjeničnih koordiniranih pokreta ekstremiteta i trupa s ciljem premještanja s jedne lokacije na drugu u prostoru, točnije akt prijenosa tijela anteriorno i održavanja ravnoteže u toj dinamici. Ciklus hoda podijeljen je u dvije faze, oslonca i njihanja. Hod je podijeljen detaljno u 8 podfaza. Prvih 5 podfaza predstavlja fazu oslonca, a ostalo predstavlja fazu njihanja.
Dijagnostika je vrlo kompleksna kod dotičnog sindroma stoga se provodi kroz nekoliko faza, a to su anamneza, opservacija, testovi i mjerenja. U radu su opisana i nekoliko drugih dijagnoza koje mogu biti uzrok ili povod sindrom trkačke potkoljenica, ali isto tako mogu završiti kao rezultat pogrešne dijagnoze. To su redom: Stres fraktura goljenične i lisne kosti, MTSS, kompartment sindromi, sindrom m. tibialis posteriora, periostitis goljenične kosti te zamor goljenične kosti.
Rehabilitacija i uloga fizioterapeuta se očituje kroz nekoliko faza. Najvažnije su edukacija pacijenta, preventivne mjere, savjetodavna funkcija, pravilna kineziterapija, odmor, fizikalne procedure od kojih su krioterapija, elektrostimulacija, terapija ultrazvukom i manualna masaža |
| Abstract (english) | Repetition of the same or similar movements is the pattern that causes shin splints syndrome. Such repeated movements cause microtrauma to the tissues, and the problem arises when such trauma exceeds the tissue's ability to recover. The most common symptom of the respective overexertion syndrome or runner's shin syndrome is discomfort and sensitivity to palpation of the affected area. The people who are most often affected by this overexertion syndrome are professional and amateur runners, thus one of the causes of the syndrome in question during running is when the foot is in contact with the ground with the front part of the foot with a lack of contact between the heel and the ground.
In order to be able to properly diagnose shin splints syndrome, it is necessary to have a proper knowledge of the anatomy of the knee and lower leg, as well as the biomechanics of walking and running. Gait is a set of uniform and alternating coordinated movements of the limbs and trunk with the aim of moving from one location to another in space, more precisely the act of transferring the body anteriorly and maintaining balance in this dynamic. The gait cycle is divided into two phases, support and swing. The walk is divided in detail into 8 sub - phases. The first 5 sub - phases represent the support phase, and the rest represent the swing phase.
Diagnostics is very complex for the syndrome in question, therefore it is carried out through several stages, namely history, observation, tests and measurements. Several other diagnoses are described in the paper that can be the cause or cause of shin splints syndrome, but can also end up as a result of a wrong diagnosis. These are: Stress fracture of the tibia and fibula, MTSS, compartment syndromes, tibialis posterior muscle syndrome, periostitis of the tibia and fatigue of the tibia.
Rehabilitation and the role of the physiotherapist manifests itself through several stages. The most important are patient education, preventive measures, advisory function, proper kinesitherapy, rest, physical procedures, of which cryotherapy, electrostimulation, ultrasound therapy, and manual massage are the most important. |
