| Abstract | Dobra i kvalitetna komunikacija preduvjet je za adekvatnu zdravstvenu skrb. Kod populacije osoba oštećena sluha i vida komunikacija predstavlja glavnu prepreku u svakodnevnom životu pa tako i u zbrinjavanju tih osoba kada se nađu u ulozi pacijenta u zdravstvenim ustanovama. Upravo su medicinske sestre i tehničari oni koji prvi uspostavljaju kontakt s pacijentom kod prijama u zdravstvenu ustanovu stoga su temeljna znanja u ophođenju i pristupu navedenoj populaciji neophodna. Općenito, vrlo mali broj čujućih osoba poznaje hrvatski znakovni jezik, a medicinske sestre i tehničari koji ga znaju izuzeci su u zdravstvenom sustavu.
Problemi komunikacije najznačajniji su problemi kod osoba s gluhoćom i gluhosljepoćom što nerijetko dovodi i do izolacije tih skupina iz društva. Danas je poznato preko 300 znakovnih jezika što na svjetskoj razini uključuje 70 milijuna osoba koje se njima služe. Svi znakovni jezici uključuju pokrete ruku, glave i tijela te mimiku. Upravo je komunikacija alat kojim se najviše iskazuje poštovanje dostojanstva pacijenta, a medicinske sestre i tehničari njome pokazuju i daju do znanja koliko su zainteresirani za njihove potrebe i probleme. Opsežnost i zahtjevnost sestrinskog posla ne ide u prilog tome. Rad pod pritiskom, velika očekivanja te sve veći obim posla dovodi do manjka vremena za komunikaciju sa svim pacijentima, a upravo je ona ključ dobre zdravstvene prakse. Kod pacijenata sa senzoričkim oštećenjima potrebno je uložiti dodatno vrijeme za uspostavu komunikacije kako bi prijenos informacija dosegao zadovoljavajuću razinu što u užurbanom zdravstvenom sustavu čini jedan od gorućih problema. Sve to problemi su s kojima se zdravstveni djelatnici susreću u radu sa spomenutim skupinama pacijenata, a mogli bi se otkloniti adekvatno provedenom edukacijom.
Broj osoba s invaliditetom svakog dana sve više raste, a taj porast posebno je vidljiv u posljednjih 40-ak godina. S druge strane, prema procjenama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, do 2050. godine svaka će deseta osoba imati oštećenje sluha. Hrvatski znakovni jezik izvorni je jezik zajednice osoba s gluhoćom i gluhosljepoćom na prostoru Republike Hrvatske, posjeduje vlastitu gramatiku te je neovisan o govornom standardnom hrvatskom jeziku, no ipak, on nije jedini način komunikacije kojim se ova skupina osoba s invaliditetom služi. Poznato je da prevalencija gluhosljepoće raste s dobi stoga ona sve više postaje i problem gerijatrijske skrbi. Nezadovoljene potrebe i pogrešan pristup osobama s gluhosljepoćom u domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe nisu samo velik problem zajednice osoba s gluhosljepoćom već i sustava obrazovanja zdravstvenih djelatnika. |
| Abstract (english) | Good and high-quality communication is a prerequisite for adequate health care. In the population of people with impaired hearing and sight, communication is the main obstacle in everyday life and also in the care of these people when they find themselves in the role of a patient in health institutions. Nurses and technicians are the ones who first establish contact with a patient upon admission to a health care institution, therefore basic knowledge in dealing with and approaching the aforementioned population is essential. In general, very few hearing people know Croatian sign language, and nurses and technicians who know it are exceptions in the health system.
Communication problems are the most significant problems for people with deafness and deafblindness, which often leads to the isolation of these groups from society. Today, over 300 sign languages are known, which includes 70 million people worldwide who use them. All sign languages include hand, head and body movements and facial expressions. Communication is the tool that most shows respect for the patient's dignity, and nurses and technicians use it to show and make it known how interested they are in their needs and problems. The extensiveness and demandingness of the nursing work does not favor this. Working under pressure, high expectations and an ever-increasing volume of work leads to a lack of time for communication with all patients, which is precisely the key to good healthcare practice. For patients with sensory impairments, it is necessary to invest additional time to establish communication in order for the transfer of information to reach a satisfactory level, which is one of the pressing problems in a busy healthcare system. All of these are problems that healthcare workers encounter when working with the aforementioned groups of patients, and they could be eliminated with adequate education.
The number of people with disabilities is increasing every day, and this increase is particularly visible in the last 40 years or so. On the other hand, according to estimates by the World Health Organization, by 2050, every tenth person will have hearing loss. Croatian sign language is the original language of the community of people with deafness and deafblindness in the Republic of Croatia, it has its own grammar and is independent of the spoken standard Croatian language, but it is not the only means of communication used by this group of people with disabilities. It is known that the prevalence of deafblindness increases with age, therefore it is increasingly becoming a problem of geriatric care. Unsatisfied needs and incorrect access to people with deafblindness in homes for the elderly and infirm are not only a big problem for the community of people with deafblindness, but also for the education system of health professionals. |
