Postpartum depression is a serious disorder that affects many women after childbirth, negatively affecting the mother, child and family. Key risk factors for the development of postpartum depression are mental disorders, complications during pregnancy and childbirth, partner and family support, and socioeconomic conditions. The thesis analyzes different approaches to treatment, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and emphasizes the importance of early recognition of symptoms, with an emphasis on the role of health professionals in screening and providing support to women in the perinatal period. The study also explores the prevalence and manifestation of postpartum depression in mothers and pregnant women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The sample included 100 respondents from the Krapina-zagorje County area within two groups of respondents; 50 pregnant women and 50 mothers after giving birth. Symptoms of depression and key risk factors were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The results show that parturient women have slightly more pronounced symptoms of depression compared to pregnant women, but the difference is not statistically significant. The static significance of the connection between bad relations with the partner and higher rates of postpartum depression among parturient women has been proven. The influence of the subjective experience of the difficulty of childbirth on depression was also considered, however, the results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between respondents who rated childbirth as easier and more difficult. Furthermore, the results show that parturient women with higher anxiety have a higher average of depressive symptoms, but this difference was also not statistically significant.