| Abstract | Oko je jedan od najvažnijih organa u organizmu iz razloga što omogućuje osobama obavljanje svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Ukoliko je funkcija oka oslabljena tada dolazi do brojnih teškoća u svakodnevnom životu što uvelike narušava kvalitetu života. Oftalmologija je grana medicine koja se bavi proučavanjem i prepoznavanjem očnih bolesti, prevencijom njihovog nastanka te liječenjem i rehabilitacijom. Katarakta je jedna od najčešćih bolesti u oftalmologiji kod koje dolazi do zamućenja očne leće, dijela oka koji je važan dio dioptrijskog aparata čija je zadaća refrakcija i akomodacija. Najčešće se javlja kod osoba starije životne dobi te se kao takva katarakta naziva senilna katarakta. Osim starosti, katarakta nastaje pod utjecajem kroničnih bolesti, djelovanjem metabolizma i djelovanjem okolinskih čimbenika. Već u 20. stoljeću spominju se kirurška dostignuća koja omogućuju poboljšanje vida kod osoba s kataraktom, a to su: krioekstrakcija katarakte, ultrazvučna fakoemulzifikacija i apsiracija katarakte, implantacija artificijalne intraokularne leće. Liječenje katarakte provodi se kirurškim putem najčešće u lokalnoj anesteziji. Prije operativnog zahvata potrebno je obaviti prijeoperativni pregled, biometriju, tj. pretragu kojom se određuje jačina leće koja će zamijeniti zamućenu leću. Prilikom prijeoperativnog pregleda potrebno je procijeniti rizične čimbenike koji mogu ugroziti bolesnika, ali i zdravstveno osoblje tijekom zahvata. Operacija katarakte jedan je od najčešćih operativnih zahvata kod kojeg je pojava komplikacija minimalna, a iznimno je uspješna kod poboljšanja vidne oštrine što osobama omogućuje veću kvalitetu života. Provodi se intrakapsularnom metodom, odnosno uklanjanjem leće s kapsulom te ekstrakapsularnom metodom, odnosno uklanjanjem leće dok kapsula ostaje u svojem prirodnom ležištu. Nakon operativnog zahvata uloga medicinske sestre je edukacija bolesnika o važnosti mirovanja, pravilnoj primjeni lijeka u oko te edukacija o prepoznavanju simptoma i znakova koji dovode do hitnih stanja i nastanka komplikacija.
Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu zadovoljstva pacijenata nakon operacije katarakte u Općoj bolnici u Varaždinu. Anketni upitnik bio je u pismenom obliku te je sadržavao 12 pitanja namijenjenih pacijentima koji su prisustvovali postoperativnim pregledima nakon operacije katarakte. Istraživanje se provodilo od 3. svibnja 2024. do 20. srpnja 2024. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 118 sudionika.
Rezultati istraživanja prikazuju nam u većini slučajeva potpuno zadovoljstvo bolesnika nakon operacije katarakte. Naime, postotak djelomičnog zadovoljstva i nezadovoljstva je također prisutan što ukazuje na mogućnost napretka u perioperacijskoj skrbi bolesnika kod operacije katarakte. |
| Abstract (english) | The eye is one of the most important organs in the body because it enables people to perform everyday activities. If the function of the eye is weakened, then there are numerous difficulties in everyday life, which greatly impairs the quality of life. Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and recognition of eye diseases, their prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Cataract is one of the most common diseases in ophthalmology in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, the part of the eye that is an important part of the dioptric apparatus whose task is refraction and accommodation. It most often occurs in elderly people and as such cataract is called senile cataract. In addition to age, cataracts are caused by chronic diseases, metabolism and environmental factors. Already in the 20th century, surgical achievements that enable the improvement of vision in people with cataracts are mentioned, namely: cryoextraction of cataracts, ultrasonic phacoemulsification and aspiration of cataracts, implantation of an artificial intraocular lens. Cataract treatment is carried out surgically, most often under local anesthesia. Before the surgical procedure, it is necessary to perform a preoperative examination, biometrics, i.e. a test that determines the strength of the lens that will replace the cloudy lens. During the preoperative examination, it is necessary to assess the risk factors that may endanger the patient, as well as the medical staff during the procedure. Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in which the occurrence of complications is minimal, and it is extremely successful in improving visual acuity, which enables people to have a higher quality of life. It is carried out by the intracapsular method, that is, by removing the lens with the capsule, and by the extracapsular method, that is, by removing the lens while the capsule remains in its natural position. After the operation, the nurse's role is to educate the patient about the importance of rest, the correct application of medicine in the eye, and the recognition of symptoms and signs that lead to emergencies and complications. The aim of the conducted research was to determine the level of satisfaction of patients after cataract surgery in the General Hospital in Varaždin. The survey questionnaire was in written form and contained 12 questions intended for patients who attended postoperative examinations after cataract surgery. The research was conducted from May 3, 2024 to July 20, 2024. 118 respondents participated in the research. The research results show us, in most cases, the complete satisfaction of patients after cataract surgery. Namely, the percentage of partial satisfaction and dissatisfaction is also present, which indicates the possibility of progress in the perioperative care of patients with cataract surgery. |
