| Abstract | Dojenje je najprirodniji način prehrane djeteta. Štoviše, za dojenje kažemo da je ključni aspekt majčinstva i zdravlja djeteta. U procesu dojenja pojačava se osjećaj bliskosti između djeteta i majke. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija zalaže se za početak dojenja odmah po rođenju te za isključivo dojenje u prvih šest mjeseci i produljenje dojenja uz uvođenje dohrane do druge godine djetetova života. Dojenje je prirodni lijek koji donosi brojne prednosti za dijete, majku i cijelu zajednicu. Osim što pruža mnogostruke koristi za dijete, dojenje pozitivno utječe i na fizičko i emocionalno zdravlje majke. Ono majci olakšava oporavak nakon poroda i smanjuje rizik od zdravstvenih problema. Prednosti dojenja u širem se kontekstu odnose na čitavu zajednicu. Dojenje zajednici donosi ekonomske i ekološke prednosti smanjujući pritom troškove zdravstva. Nadalje, majčino je mlijeko najidealnija prehrana za novorođenče i dojenče koje je svojim nutritivnim sadržajem najprilagođenija djetetovim zahtjevima. Majčino se mlijeko prilagođava potrebama djeteta kroz tri faze. Tako se prvo mlijeko koje se stvara već za vrijeme trudnoće i izlučuje neposredno nakon poroda naziva kolostrum. Druga se faza proizvodnje majčina mlijeka naziva prijelazno mlijeko. Naposljetku nastaje zrelo mlijeko. Sastav je majčinoga mlijeka iznimno bogat i ono sadržava vodu, bjelančevine, masti, ugljikohidrate, minerale i vitamine. Proces dojenja odvija se u tri faze poznate pod nazivima mamogeneza, laktogeneza i galaktopoeza. Iako naizgled jednostavan proces, dojenje mnogim majkama predstavlja izazov jer se susreću s brojnim poteškoćama poradi kojih lako odustaju od istoga. Najčešće poteškoće pri dojenju bolne su i oštećene bradavice, ravne i uvučene bradavice, mastitis i zastojna dojka. Navedene poteškoće mogu biti vrlo izazovne i stresne za majke. Stoga je od velike važnosti da majke dobiju odgovarajuću podršku svoje okoline i medicinskih sestara. Istraživanje provedeno tijekom izrade ovoga rada imalo je za cilj dobiti uvid u percepciju i stavove majki i žena o dojenju. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 678 žena u dobi od 18 do 46 i više godina. Istraživanje je provedeno online putem anonimnog Google Forms upitnika. Ključni rezultati istraživanja pokazuju pozitivnu sliku u kojoj je više od 90% sudionica dojilo svoju djecu. Također, pozitivno je što je veći broj majki dojio svoju djecu dulje od 12 mjeseci što se slaže s preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Velika većina sudionica istraživanja prepoznaje dojenje kao prirodan i zdrav način prehrane djeteta. |
| Abstract (english) | Breastfeeding is the most natural way of feeding a child. What is more, breastfeeding is considered to be the key aspect of motherhood and child’s health. During breastfeeding, the closeness between the child and his mother increases. The World Health Organization advocates for the start of breastfeeding immediately after birth and for exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, with continued breastfeeding along with the introduction of complementary feeding until the second year of the child's life. Breastfeeding is a natural medicine that offers numerous benefits to the child, the mother, and the community. In addition to providing multiple benefits for the child, breastfeeding has a positive effect on the physical and emotional health of the mother. It aids the mother's postpartum recovery and reduces the risk of health problems. The benefits of breastfeeding in a broader context apply to the entire community. Breastfeeding brings economic and environmental benefits to the community while reducing healthcare costs. Furthermore, mother's milk is the most nourishing for an infant, and its nutritional content is the most adapted to the child's requirements. Breast milk is tailored to the child's needs through three stages. Thus, the first milk, created during pregnancy and secreted immediately after birth, is called colostrum. The second phase of breast milk production is called transition milk. Lastly, mature milk is produced. The composition of breast milk is highly nourishing and contains water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The breastfeeding process takes place in three phases known as mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Although it is a seemingly simple process, breastfeeding is a challenge for many mothers because they face many difficulties due to which they easily give up on it. The most common breastfeeding problems are painful and damaged nipples, flat and indented nipples, mastitis, and stagnant breasts. These difficulties can be very challenging and stressful for mothers. Therefore, mothers require adequate support from their environment and nurses. The aim of the research conducted during the writing of this thesis was to gain insight into the perceptions and attitudes of mothers and women regarding breastfeeding. There were 678 women aged 18 to 46 and older participating in the research. The research was conducted online through an anonymous Google Forms questionnaire. The key results show a positive picture in which more than 90% of the participants breastfed their children. Also, it is positive that many mothers breastfed their children for longer than 12 months, which agrees with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Most research participants recognize breastfeeding as a natural and healthy way of feeding child. |
