| Abstract | Povijest filma seže u daleku prošlost, no najznačajniji razvoj filma odvija se tijekom 19. i 20. stoljeća. Film se postupno razvio od karnevalske novine do najznačajnijeg oblika komunikacije, zabave i masovnih medija 20. stoljeća. Smatra se da je početak razvoja filma, započeo još od izuma camere obscure. Razdoblje od 1914. godine Hollywoodu obilježeno je velikim stvaranjem kada je nastalo 50% svjetske filmske produkcije. U to vrijeme najznačajnije filmsko ime svakako je Edwin S. Porter koji se u svojim filmovima bavio istraživanjem mogućnosti filma i filmskih izražajnih sredstava. Razdoblje nijemog filma u Americi pripada komediji, a likovi koje su utjelovili Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Harry Langdon, Mack Sennett i Hal Roach pripadaju najznačajnijima u povijesti filma. Razdoblje zvučnog filma započinje 1927.godine, a vrijeme filmske avangarde i novog Hollywooda obilježeno je pokretom u američkoj kinematografiji nazvanom New Hollywood. Radilo se o tome da nezavisni producenti postaju svjesni činjenice da publika sada želi gledati aktualne, svakodnevne teme. Najpoznatija imena tog doba su Roger Corman, Jack Nicholson, Peter Fonda, Bob Rafelson i Dennis Hopper, John Cassavetes, Robert Altman, Peter Bogdanovich, Francis Ford Coppola i Martin Scorsese. Od filmova su najpoznatiji Kum (1971.), Ralje (1974.), Ratovi zvijezda, Rocky, Superman, Alien i drugi. U ovom razdoblju redatelji imaju znatno veću slobodu, preuzimajući djelomice čak i financijsku odgovornost za svoje projekte. Filmska nagrada Oscar je najpoznatija na svijetu, a dodjeljuje ju američka Akademija filmskih umjetnosti i znanosti AMPAS. Prva dodjela Oscara bila je 1929. godine, a kipić Oscara-a je izrađen od pozlaćenog britanija na crnoj metalnoj podlozi, prikazuje viteza u art deco stilu koji drži križarski mač i stoji na vrpci filma s pet žbica koje predstavljaju originalne grane Akademije. Film se na hrvatskom tlu javlja 1896. kada je u Zagrebu održana prva filmska projekcija. Najstariji poznati filmski zapis nastao u Hrvatskoj i to od poljaka Stanislawa Noworyte, koji je 1903. snimao šibensku luku. U radu su navedeni najznačajniji filmovi iz poslijeratnog razdoblja hrvatske kinematografije jer su oni dokumentarnog značaja i najizvorniji dokumenti za proučavanje najnovijeg povijesnog trenutka. U vremenu od tada pa do danas snimljen je velik broj također značajnih filmova s brojnim temama u okviru razvoja i produkcije hrvatske kinematografije općenito. |
| Abstract (english) | The history of the film goes back to the distant past, but the most significant development of the film takes place during the 19th and 20th centuries. The film gradually developed from carnival newspapers to the most important form of communication, entertainment and mass media of the 20th century. It is thought that the beginning of the development of the film, started since the invention of the camera obscura. The period of 1914 was characterized by large Hollywood creation when it was created 50% of the world of film production. At that time the most important movie name certainly is Edwin S. Porter that his films has investigated the possibilities of film and film means of expression. The period of silent films in America belongs to comedy, with characters that are embodied by Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Harry Langdon, Mack Sennett and Hal Roach belong to the most significant in the history of film. The period of sound film begins in 1927, a time of avant-garde film and new Hollywood after that marked the movement in American cinema called New Hollywood. It was that independent producers are becoming aware of the fact that the audience now wants to see the actual, everyday topics. The most famous names of the era are Roger Corman, Jack Nicholson, Peter Fonda, Bob Rafelson and Dennis Hopper, John Cassavetes, Robert Altman, Peter Bogdanovich, Francis Ford Coppola and Martin Scorsese. Since films are famous Godfather (1971), Jaws (1974), Star Wars, Rocky, Superman, Alien and others. In this period, the directors have a much greater freedom, taking part even financial responsibility for their projects. Film Oscar is the most famous in the world, and is awarded the US Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences AMPAS. The first Academy Awards was in 1929, a statue of Oscar's is made of gilded kingdom on a black metal base, shows a knight in Art Deco style holding a crusader sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes that represent the original branches of the Academy. The film takes on Croatian soil occurs in 1896 when Zagreb hosted the first film screening. The oldest known film footage originated in Croatia and that of Poles Stanislaw Noworyta, who in 1903 recorded the Sibenik port. The paper presents the most important films of the post-war period of Croatian cinema as they are documentary character and most authentic documents for the study of the most recent historical moment. In the time since then, it has recorded a number of significant films also with a number of issues in the context of the development and production of Croatian cinema in general. |
