| Abstract | Prvi svjetski rat započeo je 28. srpnja 1914. godine kada je Austro-Ugarska objavila rat Srbiji. Područje Međimurja nije bilo u ratu, no Međimurci su rat osjetili preko mobilizacija. Na početku rata Međimurci su bili mobilizirani u 20. domobransku pješačku pukovniju te 48. carski i kraljevsku pješačku pukovniju. Odmah su bili poslani na rusku bojište, a manjim djelom na balkansko. Obje postrojbe su tijekom rata sudjelovale na bitkama u Galiciji, Karpatima, Rusiji te na talijanskom bojištu, gdje treba izdvojiti bitke za rijeke Soču i Piavu. Veliki preokreti u ratu dogodili su se tijekom 1918. godine. Austro-Ugarska Monarhija raspala se je te na njezinom teritoriju bilo organizirano više država. Jedna od njih bila je Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba, koja je bila proglašena 29. listopada 1918. godine. Međimurje nije ušlo u sastav te države jer je i dalje bilo djelom županije Zala u Mađarskoj. Tijekom rata došlo je do nestašica, gladi, sve veće korupcije činovnika što je potaknulo Međimurce da se pobune protiv mađarske vlasti. Međimurska revolucija započela je početkom studenog u donjem te se u nekoliko dana proširila na ostatak Međimurja. Pobuna je naglo započela i prestala, što je zbunilo mađarske vlasti koje nisu odmah reagirale. Reakcija je ipak stigla raspisivanjem prijekom suda i represalijama koje su svojevoljno provodili mađarski vojnici i žandari. Tada u Međimurju raznim metodama kažnjavanja smrću stradava oko 300 Međimuraca. Država SHS odlučila je osloboditi Međimurje od mađarske vlasti. Akcija oslobođenja bila je organizirana pod zapovjedništvom potpukovnika Slavka Kvaternika. Međimurje je bilo oslobođeno uspješnom akcijom 24. prosinca 1918. godine. Rat je utjecao na svakodnevicu Međimuraca. Do tada tradicionalno i dosta zatvoreno društvo moralo se prilagoditi na novi način života. Žene, djeca i starci preuzeli su poslove koje su prije rata obavljali muškarci. Tijekom rata bile su raspisane rekvizicije koje su još dodatno otežale život siromašnih seljaka. Rekvizicijama su se oduzimale zalihe žita, krumpira, stoke i metalnih proizvoda. Rat je utjecao i na cijene artikala. Samo tijekom 1918. godine, cijena artikla s početka godine narasla je dvostruko ili trostruko do kraja godine. Ratni gubitci pokušali su se nadoknaditi novčanim potporama koje su bile premale da bi bile značajne. Nakon rata u Međimurju je bila osnovana nova vlast na čelu s dr. Ivanom Novakom. Tijekom rata stradalo je oko 4500 Međimuraca. |
| Abstract (english) | The First World War began on July 28th 1914, when Austro-Hungary annouced war to Serbia. Area of Međimurje was not in the war, but Međimurje felt the war over mobilization. At the beginning of the war people of Međimurje were mobilized in the 20th Domestic Infantry Regiment and the 48th Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment. They were immediately sent to the Russian battlefield, and a minor part to the Balkans battlefield. Both units participated in the battles in Galicia, Carpathian Winter War, Russia and on the Italian battlefield during the war, were most significant battles was Battles of the Isonzo and Battle of the Piave river. Great turnarounds in the war occurred in 1918. The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy broke up and new states were organized on its territory. One of them was the state of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which was proclaimed October 29th, 1918. Međimurje did not join the country because it was still a part of Zala County in Hungary. During the war, there was shortages, famine, increasing government corruption which promote people of Međimurje to rebel against Hungarian authorities. The Međimurje revolution began at the beginning of November in the lower parts of Međimurje and spread over the rest of Međimurje in a few days. Rebellion began and stopped abruptly, which confused the Hungarian authorities who did not react immediately. Reaction came by announcing court-martial and repressions that Hungarian soldiers and gendarmes deliberately carry out. At that time in Međimurje, about 300 people are killed by various death methods punishments. The State of SHS has decided to free Međimurje from the Hungarian authorities. The liberation action was organized under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Slavko Kvaternik. Međimurje was liberated by a successful action on December 24th, 1918. The war had an impact on the everyday life of the people of Međimurje. Until then, the traditional and quite closed society had to adapt to a new way of life. Women, children and the elderly took over jobs that were performed by men before the war. During the war, government announced requisition which further aggravated the lives of poor peasants. With requisitions peasants lost supplies of grain, potatoes, cattle and metal products. The war also influenced the price of the articles. In 1918 only, the price of the article from the beginning of the year increased by two or three times by the end of the year. War losses have been trying to compensate for the financial backing, but they were too small to be significant. After the war in Međimurje was established new government with Ivan Novak as leader. During the war, about 4,500 people of Međimurje were killed. |
