The area of Ancient Mesopotamia was located between two rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris, in fact the fertile land between those two rivers was great for agriculture to thrive. Therefore, agriculture was the main income of wealth for the people of Mesopotamia. Ancient Mesopotamia is the place where the first cities in the world appeared. Furthermore, the urban society developed through the surplus in agricultural production allowed specialization in different areas, because the population was freed from individual food procurement. Primarily due to geographic differences, the whole area could not be united under one ruler. In Mesopotamia, for thousands of years, many cultures have risen and fallen. Among the most powerful were the Sumerians, the Babylonians, and the Assyrians. At the same time, these cultures have left an extremely clear history behind them in the form of architecture, art and clay tablets. In addition, there are many innovations from this area, such as literacy, pottery and wagons. Rulers of these big cultures have built big palaces, with temples and large archives, in addition they decorated them with vast art to show off their wealth and power. The development of archeology in the 19th and 20th century has made it possible to find and study these palaces, which until then were unknown to the Western world. Overall, the excavation and studies of the palaces have made it possible for the entire humanity to recognize and respect their cultural and historic value.