| Abstract | Umjetnost 20. stoljeća je prolazila kroz različita previranja i događanja prije nego što je konačno definirana. Na nju je utjecalo sve ono što se događalo stoljećima prije, što je stvaralo povijest i mijenjalo čovjeka. Uzmemo li u obzir okolnosti pod kojima je nastala i događaje koji su je probudili, možemo vidjeti da je nastala od krhkoga čovjeka koji je preživio mnoge ratove, razaranja i uništavanja. Zbog toga je umjetnost 20. stoljeća drugačija nego bilo koja umjetnost prije. U ranijim razdobljima, jedna epoha bila bi obilježena jednim stilom, ali 20. stoljeće je donijelo čitav niz stilskih pravaca koji su se izmjenjivali tako silovito da se čovjek nije uspio niti naviknuti na svaki od njih, jer bi njihovo trajanje već bilo prekinuto. Umjetnički pravci su nastajali na različite načine, ali uvijek iz istog razloga: promijeniti svijest čovjeka, promijeniti i zaboraviti prošlost, okrenuti se budućnosti. Prvi niz pravaca ogledao se u: fovizmu, ekspresionizmu, kubizmu, futurizmu, apstrakciji, orfizmu, rejonizmu, metafizičkom slikarstvu, suprematizmu, dadaizmu, neoplasticizmu i još jednom čitavom nizu tzv. IZAMA. To su oblici koji su nastali neposredno prije ili za vrijeme Prvog svjetskog rata, a ono što će se događati nakon velikih ratova, bit će jedna potpuno nova stvarnost čovjeka i druga dimenzija društva.
Kada je čovjek preživio ratna razaranja, bio je duhom znatno osiromašen. Stalno se iznova propitivao o svojem životu, svakodnevno strahujući za svoju egzistenciju. Pitanja o bitku počeli su postavljati i sami umjetnici, kako sebi, tako i publici. Jedno od takvih djela jest Gauguinova slika „Tko smo? Odakle dolazimo? Kamo idemo?“, čija se veličina i vrijednost očituje upravo u tim pitanjima. Njegova slika je sažetak svih povijesnih događanja koja su pratila čovjeka i ono što je ostalo od njegove svijesti. Ona ima trajnu vrijednost jer će čovjek uvijek biti taj koji će se pitati i željeti saznati kako i odakle je nastao, tko je on kao čovjek, koja je njegova uloga i kolika je njegova veličina. Čovjek će se uvijek pitati je li njegov život bio dovoljno vrijedan i što se događa kada on završi, što ga očekuje poslije i tko dolazi nakon njega. Odgovore na svoja pitanja može pronaći upravo u umjetnosti. Ona mu otkriva sve o njegovom postanku i prošlosti njegovih predaka, ali isto tako ima moć proročanstva i nagovještaja novih događanja, jer se u njoj ogleda povijest ljudske duše koja nije ograničena niti prostorom niti vremenom. |
| Abstract (english) | Art of the 20th century has went through all sorts of turmoils and events before it was finally defined. It was affected by everything that has happened centuries before, that has changed history and mankind. If we take under consideration the circumstances under which it had originated and the events that had awoken it, we can see that it was produced by the hand of a fragile man that had survived many wars, destruction and wreckages. Because of that art of the 20th century was different than any other type of art that came before it. In the earlier periods one epoch would be denoted by one style, but the 20th century brought a whole series of style directions that were exchanged intensely that man could not even manage to adapt on everyone of them by the time their duration would cease. Style directions originated on different ways, but always for the same reason; to alter the human awareness, to change and forget the past, turn to the future. The first series of directions was reflected upon fauvism, cubism, futurism, abstraction, orphism, rayonism, metaphysical art, dadaism, neoplasticism and a whole series of, so-called -isms. They are forms that were created immediately before or during the World War I, and the events that will occur after the World Wars will be a whole new human reality and another dimension of society. After man had survived the destruction of war, he was severely spiritually impoverished. He questioned his life anew, fearing for his generation on a daily basis. Questions about being were set out by artists themselves, to themselves, and the audience aswell. One of these pieces was Gauguin's painting "Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?", whose greatness and value manifests in those very questions. His painting is the summary of all historical events that have followed man throughout his history, and what remained of his consciusness. It has a permanent value because man will always be the one that will be willing to question and find out how he came to be, who at all is he as a man, what is his role and what is his size. Man will always ponder if his life was worthy enough and what happens when it ceases to be, what awaits him after it and who comes after him. He can find the answers to his questions in art. It reveals to him everything about his origins and the past of his ancestors, but concurrently has the power of foresight and the indication of new events, because the whole history of mankind is found reflected in it. |
