The toxicity of chemicals and pollutants is becoming increasingly relevant due to growing global environmental problems, such as marine pollution and climate change. In the last decade, sea urchins (Echinoidea) have become often used model organisms in ecotoxicological studies due to their sensitivity to pollutants and ease of rearing in laboratory conditions. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of toxicity research on sea urchins in the period from 2014 to 2023. A search of the Scopus database identified 209 relevant scientific papers dealing with this topic. The results show that it is the leading continent in Europe in terms of the number of conducted studies, with Italy and Spain as the most active countries, while the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus stands out as the most frequently used species, present in 55% of the analyzed studies. The research covered a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, microplastics, pharmaceutical products, and nanoparticles, of which metals were the most represented group. Studies have also shown considerable interest in the combined effects of multiple pollutants, indicating increasing concern about the complex interactions within marine ecosystems. The most commonly used methods include embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress tests. These studies provide key insights into the impact of pollutants on the early development of marine organisms, as well as long-term ecological consequences. The conclusions of this work emphasize the importance of continuing toxicity research on sea urchins, not only because of their contribution to the understanding of ecological risks, but also because of their role in shaping strategies for the protection of marine ecosystems. These findings can serve as a foundation for future research that will address new pollutants and their cumulative effects on marine organisms and ecosystems.