Title ANALIZA TEHNIČKOG RJEŠENJA UGRADNJE ALTERNATIVNIH SUSTAVA ZA OBITELJSKU KUĆU PREMA NZEB STANDARDU Title (english) ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION OF INSTALLING ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS FOR A FAMILY HOUSE ACCORDING TO THE NZEB STANDARD Author Filip Brnardić Mentor Mario Holik (mentor)Committee member Marinko Stojkov (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Mario Holik (član povjerenstva)Committee member Marija Živić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Slavonski Brod Defense date and country 2023-09-26, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract U radu su analizirana dva različita tehnička rješenja za grijanje, hlađenje i pripremu potrošne tople vode za obiteljsku kuću kao zgradu gotovo nulte energije, koristeći obnovljive izvore energije.
Definirani su zakonski zahtjevi koje nZEB kuća mora zadovoljiti: godišnja energija za grijanje, primarna energija i udio obnovljivih izvora energije.
U prvom tehničkom rješenju, za grijanje i pripremu potrošne tople vode koristila se biomasapeleti dok su se za hlađenje koristile dizalice topline zrak-zrak. Nakon izrade proračuna toplinskog i rashladnog opterećenja, dimenzioniran je tehnički sustav podnog i radijatorskog grijanja; lokalnog hlađenja pomoću zidnih rashladnih jedinica i pripreme potrošne tople vode.
U drugom tehničkom rješenju koriste se dizalice topline zrak-voda za grijanje i hlađenje prostora te dizalica topline za pripremu potrošne tople vode. Dimenzioniran je tehnički sustav s podnim i radijatorskim grijanjem za grijanje i ventilokonvektorskim grijanjem i hlađenjem. Oba tehnička sustava su dimenzionirana za zadovoljenje uvjeta boravka u prostoru tijekom cijele godine.
Dodatno je razmatran sustav ventilacije s povratom topline za stambeni prostor u prizemlju i katu obiteljske kuće. Dimenzionirana je centralna ventilacijska jedinica, s dobavom zraka u stambene prostorije i odsisom iz kupaonica i spremišta.
Za zgradu je razmatran i fotonaponski sustav, u četiri varijante: za tehnički sustav s grijanjem na pelete i pomoću dizalica topline, pomoću prirodne ventilacije i ventilacije s povratom topline. Dimenzionirana je snaga fotonaponskog sustava prema godišnjoj potrošnji električne energije. Na kraju su uspoređena dva različita tehnička rješenja, sa analizom isplativosti ugradnje ventilacijskog sustava s povratom topline i fotonaponskog sustava preko godišnjih troškova energenata za kuću.
Pokazano je da se ugradnjom predmetnih tehničkih rješenja, mogu ispuniti uvjeti za zadovoljenje nZEB standarda za obiteljsku kuću. Kombinacijom sustava dizalica topline s fotonaponskim sustavom, moguće je gotovo u potpunosti pokriti godišnje troškove električne energije za kuću.
Abstract (english) The paper analyzed two different technical solutions for heating, cooling, and domestic hot water preparation in a nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) as a single-family house, using renewable energy sources. The legal requirements that an nZEB house must meet were defined: annual heating energy, primary energy, and share of renewable energy sources.
In the first technical solution, biomass pellets were used for heating and domestic hot water preparation, while air-to-air heat pumps were used for cooling. After calculating the heating and cooling loads, the technical system was dimensioned for underfloor and radiator heating, local cooling with wall-mounted cooling units, and domestic hot water preparation.
In the second technical solution, air-to-water heat pumps were used for space heating and cooling, and a heat pump was used for domestic hot water preparation. The technical system was dimensioned with underfloor and radiator heating for heating, and fan coil units for heating and cooling. Both technical systems were dimensioned to meet the indoor comfort conditions throughout the year.
Additionally, a heat recovery ventilation system has been considered for the residential areas on the ground floor and upper floor of single-family house. The centralized ventilation unit has been sized to supply air to the living spaces and extract air from bathrooms and storage rooms.
A photovoltaic system was also considered for the building in four variations: for the technical system with pellet heating and heat pumps; both with natural ventilation and with heat recovery ventilation. The power of the photovoltaic system was dimensioned based on the annual electricity consumption.
Finally, the two different technical solutions were compared, including the cost-effectiveness analysis of installing a heat recovery ventilation system and a photovoltaic system, based on the annual energy costs for the house.
It has been demonstrated that by implementing the aforementioned technical solutions, it is possible to meet the requirements for achieving nZEB standards for a residential house. By combining heat pump systems with a photovoltaic system, it is possible to cover almost all the annual electricity costs for the house.
Keywords
grijanje
hlađenje
energetska učinkovitost
dizalice topline
fotonapon
Keywords (english)
heating
cooling
energy efficiency
heat pumps
photovoltaics
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:262:985096 Study programme Title: Graduate Study Mechanical Engineering; specializations in: Design and Product Development, Manufacturing Logistics, Materials Engineering, Engineering Technologies, Power Engineering Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2023-09-27 10:43:43
