The development of transport has a positive impact on economic development and regional development by ensuring the mobility of people. Traffic is divided into land (road and rail), air and water (river and sea). With the increasing development of transport infrastructure and transport vehicles, there is also greater environmental pollution. Whether it is road or other traffic, it is inevitable that its consequences will have a detrimental impact on human and animal health. The negative impact of traffic is also manifested in the harmful consequences for flora and air, soil and water pollution, the occupation of natural areas for the construction of transport infrastructure, and the visual degradation of natural and urban space. The aim of this paper is to show how certain types of transport affect the environment and human health and how these negative effects can be reduced. The results of the survey were compared with the traffic situation of the leading countries of the European Union and the world.