Title Generatori pare na ispušne plinove Title (english) Exhaust Gas Boilers Author Kristian Dušević Mentor Josip Orović (mentor)Committee member Ivan Gospić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivica Glavan (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2017-10-12, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Rad je pisan s ciljem da se objasni način rada, konstrukcijske karakteristike, te način održavanja ovih generatora pare. Generatori pare na ispušne plinove su uređaji koji smanjuju potrošnju goriva iskorištavanjem otpadne topline iz ispušnih plinova toplinskih uređaja. Ovi uređaji rade po termodinamičkom procesu koji se naziva Clausius–Rankineov proces. Toplina iz ispušnih plinova prelazi na vodu komešanjem, provođenjem topline, te toplinskim zračenjem. Glavni dijelovi generatora pare na ispušne plinove su ogrjevne površine (zagrijač vode, isparivač i pregrijač pare), gdje se događa prijelaz topline s ispušnih plinova na vodu ili paru, klapne za ragulaciju protoka ispušnih plinova, te kućište i izolacija. Generatori pare na ispušne plinove dijele se: prema mediju koji struji unutar cijevi, prema smještaju cijevi, prema načinu cirkulacije vode, dijele se i na generatore pare koji imaju mogućnost dodatnog loženja i generatore pare koji nemaju mogućnost dodatnog loženja, te na generatore pare na ispušne plinove koji rade samostalno ili u spoju s loženim generatorom pare. Generator pare na ispušne plinove može se spajati s pomoćnim loženim generatorom pare, te s dva pomoćna ložena generatora pare. Glavni problem kod eksploatacije ovih uređaja stvaraju naslage čađe i kamenca, koje onemogućuju normalan rad ovih uređaja. Osim onemogućavanja normalnog rada, naslage čađe mogu prouzročiti mnogo ozbiljniji problem za cjelokupno brodsko postrojenje. Taj problem je nastanak požara unutar generatora pare na ispušne plinove. Požarni trokut ovog požara čine: čađa kao goriva tvar, kisik koji je sadržan u ispušnim plinovima, te zagrijani dijelovi unutar generatora pare i ispušni plinovi koji su izvor topline prilikom nastanka požara.
Abstract (english) This paper is written withpurpose of explaining working principles, design characteristics and methodes of maintenance of this boilers. Exhaust gas boilers are devices that reduce fuel consumption by recovering waste heat from exhaust gases leaving combustion engines. This boilers work by principles from thermodynamic cycle called Clausius–Rankine cycle. Heat is transfered from exhaust gases to water by convection, thermal conduction and thermal radiation. Main parts of exhaust gas boilers are heat surfaces (economizer, evaporator, superheater)where heat is transfered from exhaust gases to water or vapour, dampers for regulating exhaust gases flow, housing and isolation. Exhaust gas boilers are classificated by: medium whitch circulates inside tubes, pipe accommodation, means of water circulation, by exhaust gas boilers with additional heating and without additional heating, by exhaust gas boilers whitch work jointly with oil fired boiler and exhaust gas boilers whitch work independent of oil fired boilers. Exhaust gas boiler can be jointed to work with auxiliary boiler or with two auxiliary boilers. Main problem occuring during exploitation of this boilers are deposits of soot and scale, whitch are interrupting with normal operation of exhaust gas boilers. Except interrupting with normal operation of exhaust gas boilers, soot deposits can cause far greater problem for whole ship. That problem is fire inside of exhaust gas boiler. Fire triangle of this fire is composed of: soot whitch acts as fuel, oxygen comes from exhaust gases and heat is supplied by hot surfaces inside of boiler and by hot exhaust gases.
Keywords
generatori pare
ispušni plinovi
termodinamički proces
ogrjevne površine
vodocijevni i dimnocijevni generator
održavanje
požar
Keywords (english)
steam boler
exhaust gases
termodynamic cycle
heating surfaces
water tube and smoke tube generator
maintenance
fire
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:019821 Study programme Title: Naval Mechanical Engineering and Maritime Industry Technology Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2017-11-13 12:16:21
