Title Mentalno zdravlje u zajednici- sestrinska skrb
Title (english) Community Mental Health - nursing care
Author Nikolina Đukić
Mentor Anita Vulić Prtorić (mentor)
Mentor Anita Škarica (komentor)
Committee member Anita Vulić Prtorić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Anita Škarica (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Danijela Miljanić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zadar (Department of Health Studies) Zadar
Defense date and country 2018-02-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Nursing
Abstract Medicinska sestra provodi najviše vremena s oboljelim i sudjeluje u zdravstvenoj njezi i u komunikaciji kao najosjetljivijem području rada. Uloga medicinske sestre se najviše ističe u terapijskom susretu s oboljelom osobom koji dolaskom u bolnicu napušta svoju obitelj. Skrb za psihijatrijske bolesnike se uglavnom provodila u bolničkim uvjetima gdje su bolesnici bili hospitalizirani. 1960.g je pokrenut zdravstveni pokret zaštite mentalnog zdravlja u zajednici te se zatvaraju državne bolnice i pokreće se proces deinstitucionalizacije. Skrb za psihički bolesne osobe se prebacuje iz bolničke hospitalizacije u skrb u zajednici s naglaskom na ambulantnu njegu. Cilj pokreta je bio smanjenje državnih troškova te povećana isplativost u pružanju medicinske skrbi.
U izvaninstitucijskoj skrbi medicinska sestra radi kao supervizor u zaštiti mentalnog zdravlja, odnosno kao organizator ili voditelj grupa samopomoći ili raznih klubova. Erik Erikson je naglašavao utjecaj socijalno-kulturalnih i biofzičkih čimbenika na razvoj pojedinca. Njegova teorija o razvojnom modelu prikazuje cjelokupan ljudski razvoj tijekom osam psihosocijalnih stadija u životnom ciklusu. U svakom životnom stadiju čovjek ima razvojnu zadaću i posljedice ako specifična zadaća nije postignuta, a koja se očituje u obliku nepoželjnog ponašanja.
Zaštita mentalnog zdravlja uključuje primarnu, sekundarnu i tercijarnu prevenciju. Primarna prevencija je usredotočena na identifikaciju rizične populacije. Primarnom prevencijom se povećava pacijentova sposobnost kako bi se mogao nositi sa stresom, te se smanjuju faktori rizika u okruženju. U sekundarnoj prevenciji je cilj rana identifikacija problema i brz početak učinkovitog liječenja. Tercijarna prevencija je usredotočena na sprečavanje komplikacija bolesti i promicanje rehabilitacije koja je usmjerena prema postizanju maksimalne razine funkcioniranja kod pojedinaca.
Medicinske sestre mogu provoditi zdravstvenu njegu na osnovnoj ili višoj razini što ovisi o njihovom obrazovanju i radnom iskustvu. Medicinska sestra je uključena u unaprjeđenje mentalnog zdravlja pa sve do rehabilitacije kronično oboljelih. Pronalazi osobe s visokim rizikom za poremećaj mentalnog zdravlja, upućuje ih na medicinske preglede i pruža adekvatnu skrb. Cilj zdravstvene skrbi je poboljšati pacijentovu funkcionalnost, povećati sposobnost u rješavanju problema, smanjiti ovisnost o drugima, poboljšati radne i socijalne vještine, te organizirati s pacijentom aktivnosti u slobodno vrijeme.
Abstract (english) The nurse is spending the most time with ill patients and she participating in health care and communication as the most sensitive area of work. The role of a nurse is most emphasized in a therapeutic encounter with a sick person who leaves the hospital. Care for psychiatric patients was in general conducted in hospital conditions where patients were hospitalized. In 1960, a health-care mental health movement in the community was launched and state hospitals were closed and the deinstitutionalisation process started. Care for mentally ill persons is shifted from hospital to community care with emphasis on outpatient care. The goal of the movement was to reduce government costs and increase the cost-effectiveness in providing medical care.
In a non-institutional care, nurse works as a supervisor in a protection of mental health, or as a organizer or a leader of self-help groups or various clubs. Erik Erikson emphasized the influence of socio-cultural and biofactorial factors on individual development. His theory on the development model depicts the overall human development during the eight psychosocial stages in the life cycle. In every stage of life, the person has the developmental task and the consequences if a specific task is not achieved and manifests in the form of undesirable behavior.
Protection of mental health includes primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention identified population who has a risk for mental illness.. Primary prevention increases their ability so that they can handle it with stress and prevention reduces factors of risk in the environment. In secondary prevention, it is the goal of early identification of the problem and the quick start of effective treatment. Tertiary prevention focuses on preventing complications of the illness and promoting rehabilitation aimed at achieving maximum levels of functioning of individuals.
Nurses can implement healthcare at a basic or higher level, depending on their education and work experience. The nurse is involved in improving mental health until the rehabilitation of chronic illnesses. She is finding people with a high risk of mental health disorder, leads them to medical examinations and provides adequate care. The goal of health care is to improve patient functionality, increase ability to solve problems, reduce dependence on others, improve work and social skills, and organize with the patient's leisure activities.
Keywords
deinstitucionalizacija
izvaninstitucionalna skrb
mentalno zdravlje
primarna
sekundarna
tercijarna prevencija
Keywords (english)
deinstitutionalization
non-institutional care
mental health
community
primary
secundary
tertiary prevention
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:965149
Study programme Title: Nursing Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva (sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) sestrinstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
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Created on 2018-04-09 12:26:27