In this graduation thesis national and regional identities and their representation in song lyrics of popular music by Croatian authors were examined. This research was based on analysis of song lyrics by Croatian musicians in popular music.The main aims of the research were to analyze the different ways in which Croatian space is depicted in popular music, to explore the elements of Croatian identity and to analyze regional differences in the identity of Croatian space. Unified Croatian national identity started to form during the Illyrian movement. Budnice and davorije were the prominent patriotic songs of the period. During the second half of the 20th century Yugoslavism was present as the identity of Croatia. The results of song lyrics analyzis show that popular music, especially during The Croatian War of Independence, played the crucial role in the construction of the national identity. During the war, popular music had several major roles: the encouragement and morale raising of soldiers and civilian population, the provocation of the enemy, the call for inclusion of the population that was not directly affected by the war, especially the diaspora, and means of communication. The Adriatic Sea is the main physical element of Croatian national identity present in popular music songs. Klapa and Tamburica Music are the genres of music in Croatia that have evolved from traditional to popular, while the latter one from the symbols of a region (Slavonia) has become a symbol of the country. The results show that the physical characteristics are dominant over social in identities of Croatian regions. The Adriatic Sea in Croatian Litoral, and the Drava, Danube and Sava rivers in Continental Croatia are the most common motives present in the songs of these regions.