Title Zastupljenost različitih pristupa računanju kod djece u nižim razredima osnovne škole Title (english) Representation of different approaches to computing among children in lower grades of elementary school Author Božena Damjanović Mentor Maja Cindrić (mentor)Committee member Maja Cindrić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Zoran Škoda (član povjerenstva)Committee member Slavica Šimić Šašić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2019-03-07, Croatia Scientific / art field, INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE Abstract U ovom diplomskom radu je provedeno istraživanje među učenicima osnovne škole o različitim pristupima računanju. Rad započinjemo problematikom dječjeg znanja iz matematike, od samog početka kroz djetinjstvo i igru do dolaska na nastavu. Budući da su središnja tema ovog rada dječje strategije rješavanja problema s kojima se susreću u matematičkim zadacima, u nekoliko poglavlja su detaljno opisani procesi kojima djeca uče računati s cijelim brojevima od predškolske dobi i konkretnih predmeta koji su osnovani na izravnom oblikovanju situacije do metoda koje ne ovise toliko o problemu, matematički su profinjenije i oslanjaju se na standardni algoritam za računanje. Također je pokazano na koji način i na koje poteškoće učenici nailaze prilikom njihova usvajanja. Usvajanje novog nastavnog gradiva i njegovo uspješno korištenje kasnije, djeci omogućava kvalitetan učitelj. Svi smo svjesni koju ulogu učitelj ima u nastavi, odgoju i obrazovanju. U svrhu dobivanja stvarne slike naših škola i rada učitelja, provedeni su intervjui i anonimne ankete s učiteljima zadarskih škola. Osim s njima, provedeno je istraživanje i među učenicima. Ono je provedeno u dvije zadarske škole. Sudjelovalo 214 učenika 3., 4. i 5. razreda. Učenici su rješavali zadatke koje smo napravili konkretno za ovo istraživanje. Istraživanje je pokazalo razvoj dječjih strategija u nižim razredima osnovne škole. Zadatke računskih operacija iz matematike učenici započinju rješavati sa strategijom rastavljanja brojeva na D i J, a kasnije većina koristi strategiju pisanog računa. Sljedeće što smo istražili je je bila razlika između dječaka i djevojčica u korištenju strategija i procjenjivanja rezultata. Pokazalo se da dječaci efikasnije koriste strategije računanja različitih računskih operacija, a da djevojčice imaju bolju procjenu u nekim zadacima u 5. razredu. I na kraju smo pokazali mišljenja i stavove učitelja zadarskih škola u vezi udžbenika koje koriste na nastavi matematike. Kroz provedenu anketu i intervjue smo zakjučili da se učitelji većinom koriste udžbenikom pri pripremi za nastavu te da su uglavnom zadovoljni izabranim matematičkim udžbenikom.
Abstract (english) This thesis represents a study among elementary school children regarding different approaches to computing. In the theoretical part of the thesis we begin with children's early math knowledge, that is, how a child learns during his/her childhood and play until he comes to school. Since the main idea of this thesis are children's strategies for problem solving that they meet in math problems, in the next few chapters children's understanding of calculations and proccesses in which children learn to compute with whole numbers from preschool age and concrete objects which were established in the direct formation of the situation to methods that do not depend so much on the problem, they are mathematically more refined and rely on a standard computing algorithm, are thoroughly explained. In this work we showed in what way students learn and which diffuculties they meet during their learning. Acquiring new teaching material and its successful usage later, allows a good teacher. We are all aware which part a teacher has in class, upbringing and education of children. The goal was to gain insight into our schools and the work of teachers, so interviews and the surveys with teachers from different schools in Zadar are put forward. Besides this, the research among students has been also carried out. There were 214 participants, students of the 3rd, 4th and 5th grade. The students solved the tasks we have made specifically for this research. The research showed the development of children's strategies in the lower grades of elementary school. Students start resovlving computation tasks with disaggregation of tens and units strategies, and later they use written computation strategy. The next thing we explored was the difference between boys and girls in using strategy and evaluating results. It has been shown that boys use the strategy of computation operations more efficiently, and girls have a better estimation in some tasks in the 5th grade. Finally, we showed the opinions and attitudes of the teachers of the Zadar schools regarding the textbooks used in the teaching of mathematics. Through the conducted survey and interviews, we concluded that teachers mostly use textbook material and are generally satisfied with the chosen mathematical textbook.
Keywords
pristupi računanju
strategije rješavanja
udžbenici
Keywords (english)
approaches to computing
solving strategies
textbooks
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:823562 Study programme Title: Primary education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2019-04-02 11:23:57
