Title Operacije ukrcaja i iskrcaja tereta kod brodova za prijevoz LNG-a
Title (english) Cargo Import and Disport Operations at LNG ships
Author Luka Gulan
Mentor Dino Županović (mentor)
Committee member Jelena Čulin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Dino Županović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Vodopivec (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zadar (Maritime Department) (Division of Nautical Studies) Zadar
Defense date and country 2016-07-12, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Traffic and Transport Technology Maritime and River Traffic
Abstract LNG industrija se stalno povećava pogotovo u posljednjih desetak godina jer se broj brodova skoro udvostručio. Svaki LNG brod zahtjeva da posada bude dobro osposobljena ne samo za posao navigacije već i kod operacija ukrcaja i iskrcaja tereta što je i glavna svrha brodova kao sredstava uz pomoć kojih se vrši dobar dio međunarodne trgovine. Prilikom tih operacija je vrlo bitno znati kako se zaštititi te također poznavati procedure ukoliko dođe do požara, onečišćenja, spašavanja ljudi iz zatvorenih prostora. Također bitno je poznavati i strukturna svojstva LNG brodova, jačinu njihovog trupa i najvažnije opasnosti kod te vrste brodova kako bi se pomorci znali zaštititi da se ništa ne dogodi niti njima niti brodu. Poslije tog uvodnog dijela opisane su procedure prije samog ukrcaja kao što su: inspekcija tankova, sušenje, inertiranje, tlačenje, purgiranje. To su operacije koje su bitne kako bi se stvorile zadane vrijednosti u kojima se može prevoziti teret. I dok god te vrijednosti nisu zadovoljene kao npr. količina kisika, dušika, ugljičnog dioksida u tanku ne smije se krcati teret. Kad su te radnje obavljene i kad je sve u redu kreće se na operaciju ukrcaja. Tu se također postavljaju uređaji za mjerenje slobodnih površina, pripremiti opremu za gašenje požara, provjeriti dali se ventili mogu otvarati i zatvarati, spojiti brod i obalu, voditi računa da dovoljan broj ljudi fizički nadzire ukrcaj ali i u kontrolnoj sobi tereta. Kada se ukrcaj završi slijedi putovanje nakrcanog broda te održavanje tereta u normalnim vrijednostima atmosfere te njegova stalna kontrola. Također potrebno je voditi računa i o operacijama isparavanja (boil off) i nadzoru hladnih točaka unutar tankova. Kada se putuje prema luci iskrcaja postoje stvari koje se rade nekoliko dana prije dolaska kako bi spremno obavili operaciju. Iskrcaj se vrši pomoću kompresora ili pumpi ovisi kako je posadi lakše ili koja je politika tvrtke. Procedura u pripremi i provođenju operacije je dosta slična kao i kod procedura ukrcaja. Kada se iskrcaj obavi postoje neke radnje koje se moraju obaviti prije odlaska broda i kad se te radnje obave i kad su svi kriteriji zadovoljeni brod može ići iz luke.
Abstract (english) LNG industry is in constant increase especially in last ten years because the number of vessels is almost double. Every LNG vessel demands that crew must be well qualified not only for the job of navigation but also for the operations of loading and discharge of cargo which is the main purpose of the vessels as the instrument of international trade. During those operations it is very important to know for sailors how to protect themselves and also know the procedures if it comes the fire, pollution, saving the people from enclosed spaces... Also it is very important to know the structural characteristics of LNG vessels, the strenght of their hull, and the most important dangerous which threaght them, to know how to protect themselves and that nothing happens to them and the vessel. After that introduction part I started describing the procedures before loading of cargo like:inspections of tanks, drying, inerting, pressurising, purging... Those are operations which are very important for creating values in which cargo can be transported. Until those values are not satisfied for example:quantity of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide the cargo mustn’t be loaded. When those actions are done and when everything is ok then cargo can be loaded. Also we must adjust apparatus for measuring ullage, prepare the equipment for fire fighting, check valves, see do we have enough people to watch the loading of cargo bodily but also in the cargo control room... When the loading finishes continues the voyage of loaded vessel and maintaining of cargo in normal atmospheric values and his control in all times. When the vessel approaches to the port of discharge there are things which must be done few days earlier before arrival to done operation properly. Discharge is done with the help of compresors or pumps depending of what is easier to the crew or policy of the company. The procedure in preparation and conduction is alike the procedure of loading. When the discharge is done there are some actions before departing of vessel and when those actions are done and when all criteria are satisfied vessel can depart from the port.
Keywords
LNG
inertiranje
ukrcaj
iskrcaj
Keywords (english)
LNG
inerting
loading
disport
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:626723
Study programme Title: Nautical Studies and Maritime Industry Transport Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka nautike (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka nautike)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
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Created on 2016-09-02 07:14:21