Abstract | Emigrantska književnost internacionalni je pojam, nije ograničena samo na jednu društvenu zajednicu niti na određeno razdoblje (Brešić 1997: 248). Ona nastaje kada izgubi vezu s matičnom kulturom, a stvaraju je ljudi koju su prisiljeni, izravno ili neizravno, napustiti domovinu. Kada govorimo o pjesništvu hrvatske emigrantske književnosti, trebamo biti svjesni da je pjesma bila prvi izraz koji je ostavio utisak pod „tuđim nebom“. Od prvog dana izlaska iz domovine pjesnici su ostali povezani uz nju utiskujući u stihove svoje misli, osjećaje i ljubav prema domovini. Hrvatski pjesnici su u svojim pjesmama progovarali na različite načine o stanju koje ih je zateklo. Jedni progovaraju kao virtuozi modernosti, drugi kao tradicionalisti; jedni misao oblikuju kao protest i vapaj, drugi kao tihu suzu (Nikolić 1996: 135). Motivi, sadržaj i ljepota emigrantske poezije obogatila je hrvatsko pjesništvo, a ujedno je emigrantska poezija ogledalo hrvatskoga života u tuđini. Pjesnici govore o životu izvan domovine, o stalnom lutanju i pronalaženju sebe u tuđem svijetu u kojem se osjećaju vječitim strancima. Nesigurnost tog lutalačkog života utočište je pronašla u motivu Majke. Motiv Majke figurira kao potrebna sigurnost, mir i bezuvjetna ljubav. Majka je i Domovina koja emigrantu predstavlja sigurnost, nešto poznato i blisko, a opet tako daleko. Emigrant cijeli život teži za povratkom u svoju Domovinu, povratku svojim korijenima gdje ga čeka stara Majka. Motiv Majke koji je srastao s motivom Domovine susrećemo u poeziji većine emigrantskih pisaca: Ljubo Wiesner, Vinko Nikolić, Boris Maruna, Viktor Vida, Rajmund Kupaero, Marijan Mikac, Stjepan Hrastovec, Marijan Karaban, Ivo Lendić, Srećko Karaman. Vinko Nikolić i Majku i Domovinu doživljava nježnošću sina, jednu i drugu izražava emotivnom ustreptalošću i jednostavnom iskrenošću. Za razliku od njega Wiesner spominje Majku, kojoj je kao stvarnoj osobi, ali i nacionalnom simbolu, posvetio mnoge svoje stihove. Wiesner svoju Majku prikazuje kao patnicu, ne samo zato što je Majka već i zato što je Majka hrvatskog pjesnika, koji pak moli da Svevišnji i za nju osigura u raju kako kaže „toplo mjesto“. |
Abstract (english) | Emigrant literature is an international term, not limited to one social community or a specific period. It occurs when it loses its connection with parent culture and is created by people who are forced, directly or indirectly, to leave their homeland. When we talk about the poetry of Croatian emigrant literature we need to be aware that the poem was the first expression that left the impression under the "foreign sky". From the first day of their departure from the homeland, the poets have remained connected to her by impressing in the verses of her thoughts, feelings and love for her homeland. Croatian poets have talked in their poems in various ways about the condition they found. One speaks of virtuosity of modernity, others as traditionalists; one thought shapes as a protest and cry, the other as a quiet tear. The motifs, contents and beauty of emigrant poetry will enrich Croatian poetry, while emigrant poetry is a mirror of Croatian life in the stranger. Poets speak of life outside the homeland, of constant wandering, and finding themselves in a foreign world in which they feel like eternal strangers. The insecurity of this wandering life was found in the motif of the mother. The mother's motif is figured as the necessary security, peace and unconditional love. Mother is also Homeland which to an emigrant represents security, something familiar and close. The emigrant is struggling for a lifetime to return to his homeland, returning to his roots where the old mother is waiting for him. The motif of the mother who has resonated with the motif of the homeland is met with the poetry of most emigrant writers: Ljubo Wiesner, Vinko Nikolić, Boris Marun, Viktor Vida, Rajmund Kupaero, Marijan Mikac, Stjepan Hrastovec, Marijan Karaban, Ivo Lendić, Srećko Karaman. Vinko Nikolić is experiencing his mother and homeland with the gentle nature of their son, expressing one another with emotional persuasion and simple sincerity. Unlike him Wiesner mentions mother, to whom he has as a real person, but also national symbol, dedicated many of his beautiful verses. Wiesner describes his mother as sufferer, not only because she is a mother, but also because she is the mother of a Croatian poet, who pleads to the Supreme to assure a place for her in Paradise as he says "a warm place." |