| Abstract | Humani papiloma virusi (HPV) su mali dvolančani, kružni DNK virusi koji mogu zaraziti epitelne stanice. Trenutno je prepoznato gotovo 150 različitih vrsta tipova HPV-a. Tipove HPV-a dijelimo na one visokorizične, a to uključuje tipove 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66 i 70, te niskorizične 6, 11, 42, 43 i 44. HPV osim ginekoloških infekcija uzrokuje također infekciju usne šupljine, larinksa, donjih dišnih putova te anusa. Oko 20% oralnih karcinoma te 60-80% orofaringealnih karcinoma je uzrokovano HPV virusom i to najčešće tipom 16(1). Rak larinksa čini >3% svih vrsta raka, što ga stavlja na šesto mjesto najčešćih karcinoma u svijetu. Učestalost infekcije HPV-om između invazivnih lezija ili karcinoma larinksa se nalazi u intervalu između 0% i 79% (2). Najznačajnija manifestacija laringealne HPV infekcije je laringealna papilomatoza, rijetka bolest uzrokovana tipovima 6 i 11. Liječenje papilomatoze uključuje operaciju a lijek izbora u liječenju je alfa-interferon (3). Analni karcinom je zloćudni tumor sličan karcinomu cerviksa,a ključna značajka tog karcinoma je veća incidencija pojavljivanja kod žena u usporedbi s muškarcima. Razlog bi mogao ležati u činjenici da žene s poviješću cervikalne displazije, raka vrata maternice te izboru višestrukih spolnih partnera imaju veći rizik za obolijevanje od ove bolesti. HPV infekcija analnog kanala utvrđena je kao visoki čimbenik nastanka analnih lezija i karcinoma anusa(4). |
| Abstract (english) | Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are small double-stranded, circular DNA viruses that can infect epithelial cells. Nearly 150 different types of HPV are currently recognized. HPV types are divided into those of high risk, including 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66 and 70 and low risk 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44. HPV, besides gynecological infections, also causes an infection of the mouth, larynx, lower respiratory tract and anus. About 20% of oral cancer and 60-80% of the oropharyngeal carcinoma are caused by HPV virus, most commonly with type 16 (1). Cancer accounts for> 3% of all cancers, placing it at the sixth most common cancer site in the world. The incidence of HPV infection between invasive lesions or larval cancer is between 0% and 79% (2). The most significant manifestation of laryngeal HPV infection is laryngeal papillomatosis, a rare disease caused by types 6 and 11. Treatment of papillomatosis involves surgery and a cure for treatment is alpha-interferon (3). Anal cancer is a malignant tumor similar to carcinoma of the cervix, and the key feature of this cancer is the higher incidence of occurrence in women compared to males. The reason might lie in the fact that women with history of cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer and the choice of multiple sex partners have a greater risk of contracting this disease. HPV infection of the anal canal was identified as a high cause of anal lesions and anus cancer (4). |
