Title Uloga poreza na dodanu vrijednost u državama Europske unije
Title (english) The role of Value Added Tax in the States of European Union
Author Josipa Kutija
Mentor Tomislav Klarin (mentor)
Committee member Božena Krce Miočić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Tomislav Klarin (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Vinko Bakija (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zadar (Department of Tourism and Communication Sciences) Zadar
Defense date and country 2020-05-07, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics General Economy
Abstract PDV je jedan od najizdašnijih poreza koji uvelike utječe na gospodarstvo svake zemlje članice EU, a ujedno je jedan od temeljnih izvora financiranja kako proračuna zemalja članica EU, tako i proračuna EU. U radu je utvrđeno da pojedine članice EU nisu od 2005. do 2019. godine mijenjale opću, niti sniženu/snižene stope za oporezivanje PDV-om, dok su pojedine zemlje stope mijenjale po nekoliko puta. Također je uočeno da je u promatranom razdoblju porasla prosječna opća te prosječna snižena stopa na razini EU te se pritom ističe veći rast prosječne snižene stope u odnosu na prosječnu opću stopu. Analizom odabranih zemalja članica EU i usporedbom sustava oporezivanja PDV-om u tim zemljama, može se zaključiti da svaka od odabranih zemalja članica ima vrlo specifičan sustav oporezivanja PDV-om (posebice kada je riječ o primjeni sniženih stopa) zbog čega je uočljivo da je harmonizacija sustava oporezivanja PDV-om na razini EU vrlo teško provediva. Kada je riječ o mediteranskim zemalja, snižene se stope najčešće primjenjuju na turističke djelatnosti, čime se nastoji utjecati na razvoj turizma kao jedne od vrlo značajnih gospodarskih djelatnosti. Uzme li se u obzir da je RH jedna od zemalja članica EU s najvećim udjelom poreznog opterećenja u BDP-u, postavlja se pitanje koliko je takva situacija dugoročno održiva, budući da je vidljivo da se na taj način smanjuju slobodna sredstva stanovništvu i poduzetnicima, što dugoročno može utjecati na smanjivanje osobne i investicijske potrošnje te posljedično može dovesti do smanjivanja BDP-a. Definiranje poreznih stopa PDV-a autonomno je pravo svake države te je uočeno da se sve analizirane države pridržavaju propisa koji su definirani direktivama, ali se može uočiti da svaka od zemalja članica EU primjenjuje stope koje su najpogodnije za porezni sustav te zemlje, kao što je npr. primjena nulte stope u Irskoj ili primjena super sniženih stopa, što je rijetkost na razini EU, ali nije niti isključeno. Prema provedenom istraživanju, moguće je zaključiti da će se nastaviti rast stopa PDV-a na razini EU, što dugoročno nikako nije poželjno te može imati negativne efekte na BDP. Budući da je PDV jedan od temeljnih izvora javnih prihoda kojim se financiraju javni rashodi, nužno je razmotriti smanjivanje javnih rashoda.
Abstract (english) VAT is one of the most generous taxes that has a major impact on the economy of each EU Member State, and is one of the main sources of financing for both the EU Member States' budget and the EU budget. The paper found that some EU Member States did not change the general or reduced VAT tax rates between 2005 and 2019, while some countries did change the rates several times. It was also observed that the average general and average reduced rates at EU level increased over the observed period, pointing out a higher increase in the average reduced rate than the average general rate. An analysis of the selected EU Member States and a comparison of the VAT system in these countries shows that each of the selected Member States has a very specific VAT, which makes it evident that the harmonization of the system taxation at EU level is very difficult to enforce. When it comes to the Mediterranean countries, the reduced rates are most often applied to tourism activities, which seeks to influence the development of tourism as one of the very significant industries. Considering that the Republic of Croatia is one of the EU member states with the highest share of tax burden in GDP, it raises the question of how sustainable this situation is in the long term, since it is evident that this will reduce free funds for the population and entrepreneurs, which in the long run it can lead to a reduction in personal and investment spending and can consequently lead to a reduction in GDP. Defining VAT tax rates is an autonomous right of every state, and it has been observed that all analyzed countries comply with the rules defined in the directives, but it can be observed that each of the EU member states applies the rates most suitable for that country's tax system, such as for example, applying a zero rate in Ireland or applying super reduced rates, a rarity at EU level but not even excluded. According to the research, it can be concluded that VAT rates will continue to rise at EU level, which is by no means desirable in the long run and could have negative effects on GDP. Given that VAT is one of the main sources of public revenue financing public expenditure, it is necessary to consider reducing public expenditure.
Keywords
Europska unija
porez na dodanu vrijednost
porezni sustav
Republika Hrvatska
Keywords (english)
European Union
Republic of Croatia
tax system
value added tax
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:478997
Study programme Title: Entrepreneurship in Culture and Tourism Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ekonomije (magistar/magistra ekonomije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2020-05-20 09:45:42