This thesis addresses the issue of Catholics and their position in the United Kingdom and their decades-long struggle for Emancipation. The paper begins with representation of the position of Catholic population from the establishment of the Anglican Church in the 16th century to the first Roman Catholic Relief Act in 1778. The very process of the Catholic Emancipation began in the second half of the 18th century, so the paper, after its introductory part in which it explains the position of the Catholic population of the British Isle until the mid-18th century, focuses on chronological explanation of the Catholic Emancipation issues. The idea is to cover as many factors as possible that influenced the struggle for Catholic Emancipation, beginning with the foreign policy of Great Britain and Ireland in the 18th century, the influence of the Enlightenment and the ideas of the French revolution on the social and the political atmosphere on the British island, the Protestant population’s perception of Catholics, internal political developments and a gradual change of views on Catholic Emancipation within parliament itself. Besides, the paper analyzes the issue of the struggle for Emancipation following the Great Britain and Ireland Unification Act, the disunity of the Catholics and their final unification under Daniel O’Connell and the Catholic Association. It also emphasizes the difference in the motives for the Emancipation between the Irish and English Catholics and it especially reflects the desire for the nationality of the Catholics of the United Kingdom in the 19th century as the main motive for the struggle for Emancipation which was made possible by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829.