This paper gives an account of the society of the Cetina region during the Ottoman rule through the 16th and 17th century. The first part explains the fall of Sinj and the rest of the region into Ottoman hands, as well as the layout and the status of Sinj after it became a Muslim town. The importance of Sinj and the layout of its fortress which had an important defensive role when Klis was not under Ottoman rule, was also explained. In the following chapters, the focus is on the population. The first thing explained is the difference between Christians and Muslims which affected the accommodation and status of the people. Furthermore, the social picture of the society that was engaged in crafts, trade and cattle-breeding was given, as well as the roles played by the military and clergy. The Turkish deftars were compared to give a more detailed picture of the structure of the population and the ratio of Christians to Muslims. Islamic culture, which spread in the cities where the majority of the population was Muslim, was also explained. At the very end, the liberation of Sinj from the Ottomans, which caused the migration of the population, and led to the new social image of the Cetina region, was described.