Abstract | Ovaj diplomski rad analizira inkluziju djece s posebnim potrebama u nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture iz perspektive nastavnika. Inkluzija i inkluzivno obrazovanje glavno je sredstvo borbe protiv isključivanja ljudi prema bilo kojoj osnovi, a ona uključuje djecu s posebnim potrebama odnosno, djecu s teškoćama, talentirane učenike te djecu nacionalnih manjina. Škola, kao odgojno-obrazovna ustanova predstavlja nit vodilju u isključivanju diskriminacije, promoviranju jednakih prilika bez obzira na različitost te pravo svakog djeteta na odgoj i obrazovanje kroz provedbu inkluzivne prakse. Nastavnici, koji su u direktnom kontaktu s djecom, imaju ogroman utjecaj na provođenje inkluzije u školi, stoga je njihovo viđenje prema inkluzivnom obrazovanju izuzetno bitno. Sport kao takav oduvijek promovira jednakost, a tjelesna aktivnost predstavlja jednu od rijetkih životnih aktivnosti u kojoj svi mogu sudjelovati, na ovaj ili onaj način te istovremeno poboljšati psihičko i fizičko zdravlje uz zajedničku socijalizaciju i kolektiv u kojem su svi dobrodošli. Stoga, glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati nastavnike tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture o njihovim stavovima i uvjerenjima prema inkluziji, njihovoj kompetentnosti i pripremljenosti za provedbu, materijalno-tehničkim, organizacijskim i kadrovskim uvjetima rada te prijedlozima za poboljšanje u budućnosti. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako nastavnici imaju apsolutno pozitivan stav prema inkluzivnom obrazovanju te kako ga provode u svakodnevnom radu. Nastavnici često samostalno istražuju i pišu individualizirane programe, stoga se može zaključiti kako su potrebne dodatne edukacije i više stručnih kadrova u vidu asistenata u nastavi, defektologa i ostalih bitnih suradnika koji bi trebali činiti školski stručni tim. Međusobna suradnja pokazala se uspješnom, iako roditelji i papirologija znaju biti problem u provedbi kvalitetne inkluzije. Pokazalo se kako najveća odgovornost gotovo uvijek pripada nastavnicima koji svojim trudom i zalaganjem mogu inkluzivnu nastavu olakšati svakome djetetu bez obzira na prepreke. Svi navedeni elementi, pozitivne, ali i negativne strane, odnosno barijere u provedbi mogu poslužiti kao početna teza za daljnja i detaljnija istraživanja te u konačnici kvalitetniju provedbu inkluzivne prakse u školama kako na nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture tako i na drugim predmetima, ali i izvanškolskim događanjima u zajednici i svakodnevnom životu. |
Abstract (english) | This thesis analyzes the inclusion of children with special needs in the teaching of physical education and health from the perspective of teachers. Inclusion and inclusive education are the main means of combating the exclusion of people on any grounds, and it includes children with special needs, i.e., children with disabilities, talented students and children of national minorities. The school, as an educational institution, is a guiding thread in the exclusion of discrimination, the promotion of equal opportunities regardless of diversity and the right of every child to education through the implementation of inclusive practices. Teachers, who are in direct contact with children, have a huge impact on the implementation of inclusion in school, so their vision of inclusive education is extremely important. Sport as such has always promoted equality, and physical activity is one of the few life activities in which everyone can participate, in one way or another and at the same time improve their mental and physical health with joint socialization and a collective in which everyone is welcome. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to examine physical education teachers about their attitudes and beliefs towards inclusion, their competence and readiness for implementation, material and technical, organizational and personnel working conditions and their suggestions for improvement in the future. The results of the research have shown that teachers have an absolutely positive attitude towards inclusive education and that they implement it in their daily work. Teachers often independently research and write individualized programs, so it can be concluded that additional training is needed and more professional staff are required in the form of teaching assistants, special educators and other important associates who should make up the school professional team. Mutual cooperation has proven to be successful, although parents and paperwork can be a problem in implementing quality inclusion. It has been shown that the greatest responsibility almost always belongs to teachers who, through their efforts and commitment, can make inclusive teaching easier for every child, regardless of obstacles. All these elements, positive and negative sides or barriers to implementation can serve as an initial thesis for further and more detailed research and ultimately better implementation of inclusive practice in schools in the teaching of physical education and health, but also other subjects as well, including extracurricular community events and common everyday life. |