The impostor phenomenon or fraud syndrome is a common psychological pattern that has implications for different domains of human life. It is a psychological pattern whose characteristics are doubt in one's own skills, talents or achievements and permanent internalized fear of discovering the "real truth" by others. Individuals who feel like impostors, despite external evidence of their own ability, consider themselves incompetent and tend to attribute their achievements to luck or successfully deceiving others (Langford i Clance, 1993). Furthermore, individuals who feel like impostors are deeply convinced of the correctness of their own self-concept and tend to feel like fraud if external behavior (success) and feelings (doubt in competence) do not match (Harvey and Katz, 1985). Recent research shows that women feel like fraud more often and more intensely than men, that such a feeling is most pronounced when entering a new environment and negatively associated with self-esteem. The aim of this study was to examine the difference in the expressiveness of the impostor phenomenon regard to gender and academic year, and to determine the relationship between the impostor phenomenon and self-esteem on students. The assumption was that the feeling of pretense will be more pronounced in women compared to men, that the feeling of pretense will be more pronounced in first academic year students compared to students of other academic years, and that the feeling of pretense will be negatively related to self-esteem. The research was conducted on a convenient sample of students of different year of study from different universities the Republic of Croatia (174 males and 291 females). Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of a general data questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) and the Leary Impostorism Scale (LIS; Leary et al., 2000). Analysis of the data showed that the sense of being a fraud is more pronounced in female participants compared to male participants. Furthermore, there was no difference in the feeling of fraudulence between the first-year undergraduates and other undergraduate and graduate students. Finally, a negative association was found between the feeling of fraudulence and self-esteem.