| Abstract | Mikronutrijenti, uključujući jod, cink, selen, vitamin D, bakar, željezo, magnezij, vitamin B12 i vitamin B8, imaju važnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja štitnjače u nekoliko stanja, uključujući Hasimotovu bolest, Gravesovu bolest, nodularnu gušu i papilarni karcinom štitnjače. Jod je ključni element u sintezi hormona štitnjače, stoga je bitan za pravilno funkcioniranje štitnjače. Osobe s nedostatkom joda mogu imati povećan rizik od razvoja gušavosti i ostalih poremećaja štitnjače. Kod autoimunih stanja kao što su Hasimotova bolest ili Gravesova bolest, konzumacija prekomjerne količine joda može pogoršati simptome. Cink je važan mineral koji ima ključnu ulogu u imunološkom sustavu te može imati blagotvoran učinak na štitnjaču. Selen je mikronutrijent koji ima antioksidacijska svojstva i važan je za pravilno funkcioniranje štitnjače. Neki studijski rezultati sugeriraju da dodatak cinka kao i selena može smanjiti upalu, potaknuti regulaciju autoimunih procesa i poboljšati funkciju štitnjače kod osoba s Hasimotovom bolešću. Vitamin D igra važnu ulogu u imunološkom sustavu i također može biti koristan u upravljanju autoimunim stanjima poput Hasimotove bolesti. Nedostatak vitamina D povezan je s većim rizikom od autoimunih bolesti stoga se ponekad osobama s autoimunim stanjima štitnjače preporučuje provjera razine vitamina D te nadopuna istog ako je potrebno. Bakar je mineral koji je važan za pravilno funkcioniranje štitnjače. Iako je važan za zdravlje, visoke razine bakra mogu biti povezane s oksidativnim stresom i disfunkcijom štitnjače. Stoga prekomjerno uzimanje bakra nije preporučljivo tj. unos treba biti uravnotežen i prilagođen individualnim potrebama. Željezo je važno za pravilnu proizvodnju hormona štitnjače. Osobe s autoimunim stanjima štitnjače mogu imati povećane razine upale koje mogu uzrokovati povećane potrebe za željezom. Međutim, neki oblici autoimunih stanja štitnjače, poput Hashimotove bolesti, mogu biti povezani s povećanim rizikom od anemije. Magnezij je mineral koji je važan za opće zdravlje i može imati ulogu u regulaciji štitnjače. Vitamin B12 ima važnu ulogu u proizvodnji energije i zdravom funkcioniranje živčanog sustava stoga osobe s autoimunim stanjima štitnjače mogu biti podložnije nedostatku vitamina B12. Vitamin B8, poznat i kao biotin, ima važnu ulogu u metabolizmu tiroksina. Međutim, trenutno nema dovoljno dokaza da bi se mogli donijeti čvrsti zaključci o učinku vitamina B8 na autoimuna stanja štitnjače. Sve ove informacije su općenite te individualni slučajevi mogu varirati. Prilagođavanje prehrane i uzimanja dodataka trebalo bi se provoditi pod nadzorom liječnika i nutricionista koji će uzeti u obzir specifične potrebe i stanje svake pojedine osobe. |
| Abstract (english) | Micronutrients, including iodine, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, copper, iron, magnesium, vitamin B12, and vitamin B8, play an important role in maintaining thyroid health in several conditions, including Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, nodular goiter, and papillary thyroid cancer. Iodine is a key element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, therefore it is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. People with iodine deficiency may have an increased risk of developing goiter and other thyroid disorders. In autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's disease or Graves' disease, consuming excessive amounts of iodine can worsen symptoms. Zinc is an important mineral that plays a key role in the immune system and can have a beneficial effect on the thyroid gland. Selenium is a micronutrient that has antioxidant properties and is important for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Some study results suggest that zinc supplementation as well as selenium may reduce inflammation, promote regulation of autoimmune processes, and improve thyroid function in people with Hashimoto's disease. Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system and may also be useful in the management of autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's disease. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of autoimmune diseases, so people with autoimmune thyroid conditions are sometimes recommended to have their vitamin D levels checked and supplemented if necessary. Copper is a mineral that is important for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Although important for health, high levels of copper may be associated with oxidative stress and thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, excessive intake of copper is not recommended, i.e. intake should be balanced and adapted to individual needs. Iron is important for the proper production of thyroid hormones. Some people with autoimmune thyroid conditions may have increased levels of inflammation that can cause increased iron needs. However, some forms of autoimmune thyroid conditions, such as Hashimoto's disease, may be associated with an increased risk of anemia. Magnesium is a mineral that is important for general health and plays a role in thyroid regulation. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in energy production and the healthy functioning of the nervous system, so people with autoimmune thyroid conditions may be more susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B8, also known as biotin, plays an important role in the metabolism of thyroxine. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions about the effect of vitamin B8 on autoimmune thyroid conditions. All this information is general and individual cases may vary. Adjusting the diet and taking supplements should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor and nutritionist who will take into account the specific needs and condition of each individual person. |
