Title Crkva Svetog Spasa na vrelu Cetine Title (english) The Church of the Holy Savior at the source of the Cetina Author Mihaela Perić Mentor Ivan Josipović (mentor)Committee member Meri Zornija (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivan Josipović (član povjerenstva)Committee member Antonija Mlikota (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2023-10-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Abstract Crkva Svetog Spasa na vrelu Cetine nastala je u posljednjoj četvrtini 9. stoljeća. Smatra se najznačajnijim hrvatskim arhitektonskim spomenikom iz predromaničkog razdoblja. Bila je predmet mnogih istraživanja od kraja 19. stoljeća, pa sve do današnjeg vremena. Različiti istraživači donosili su i različite zaključke o unutrašnjem i vanjskom izgledu crkve, vremenu u kojem je nastala te o njezinu titularu. Tijekom ranijih istraživanja, kod istraživača poput Luje Maruna i Ljube Karamana, prevladavalo je mišljenje da građevina pripada kasnome srednjem vijeku. Ta je mišljenja opovrgnuo Stjepan Gunjača koji je arheološka istraživanja na i uokolo crkve vodio između 1947. i 1954. godine. Pronašao je arhitrav oltarne ograde na kojoj se spominje ime župana Gastike, njegove majke i sinova. Otkrio je da je crkva bila privatna građevina te da je posvećena Uzašašću Kristovu (Svetom Spasu). Godine 1980. Ivo Petricioli je temeljem usporedbe skulpture iz Svetog Spasa s onom iz crkava u Ždrapnju kraj Skradina i Šopotu kod Benkovca zaključio da je crkva u Cetini nastala u vrijeme kneza Branimira (879.-892.). Nadalje, Nikola Jakšić je skulpturu iz Svetog Spasa usporedio s onom iz Šopota i s lokaliteta Crkvina u Biskupiji kod Knina te ih je zbog identičnih likovno-morfoloških karakteristika svrstao u radove klesarske produkcije koju je nazvao Dvorska klesarska radionica iz vremena kneza Branimira. Crkva Svetog Spasa vrlo je značajna zbog svojih jedinstvenih graditeljskih rješenja, poput trikonhalnog svetišta i aksijalnog zvonika te westwerka koji su tipični za spomenike karolinške arhitekture. Osim toga, ona na vanjskim zidovima ima i oble kontrafore. Ivo Petricioli ju je usporedio s ostalim crkvama s oblim kontraforima na teritoriju ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske kneževine (biogradska katedrala, ostaci crkava na lokalitetima Lopuška glavica i Stupovi, a možda i Bukorovića podvornica u Biskupiji kod Knina) te je naglasio da se takav tip građevinâ ne može naći u ostaloj predromaničkoj i romaničkoj graditeljskoj baštini Europe, već samo u Hrvatskoj. Zbog njihove unikatnosti, spomenute je građevine grupirao pod zajedničkim nazivom „starohrvatskih crkava s oblim kontraforima“. Osim navedenoga, tijekom istraživanja crkve Svetoga Spasa pronađene su i freske za koje se smatra da su nastale u kasnome srednjem vijeku.
Abstract (english) The Church of the Holy Savior at the source of the Cetina was built in the last quarter of the 9th century. It is considered the most important Croatian architectural monument from the Pre-Romanesque period. It is the subject of many archaeological research from the end of the 19th century to the present day. Different researchers have drawn different conclusions about the interior and exterior of the church, the year it was built and the name of the church. During earlier research, researchers such as Lujo Marun and Ljubo Karaman thought that the church belonged to the late Middle Ages. Stjepan Gunjača refuted those opinions. Gunjača led the research on the church between 1947. and 1954. He found the beam of the altar railing mentioning the name of the prefect Gastika, prefect mother and his sons. He discovered that the church was a private building, and that it was dedicated to Christ (the Holy Savior). In 1980, Ivo Petricioli compared sculpture from the Holy Savior with sculptures in Ždrapanj and Sopot. Petricioli concluded that the church in Cetina was built during the time of Prince Branimir (879- 892). Furthermore, Nikola Jakšić also compared the sculpture from the Holy Savior with sculptures in Šopot and in Biskupija and he classified them in the group Court Stonemason Workshop because they have similar characteristics. The church is very significant because of its unique architectural solutions such as the triconch sanctuary, the axial bellfry and Westwerk from Carolingian art. In addition, there are round buttresses on the external walls. Ivo Petricioli compared it with other churches that have round buttresses (Biograd Cathedral, Lopuška glavica and Stupovi regions), and he emphasized that this type of building cannot be found in pre-Romanesque and Romanesque Europe but only in Croatia. Due to its uniqueness, he named the mentioned churches "Old Croatian architecture". In addition, during the research on the church, researches found frescoes that are believed to date from the late Middle Ages.
Keywords
crkva Svetog Spasa na vrelu Cetine
predromanika
posljednja četvrtina 9. stoljeća
župan Gastika
knez Branimir
Dvorska klesarska radionica iz vremena kneza Branimira
starohrvatske crkve s oblim kontraforima
Keywords (english)
The Church of the Holy Savior at the source of the Cetina
Pre-Romanesque period
the last quarter of the 9th century
prefect Gastika
Prince Branimir
Court Stonemason Workshop in the period of Prince Branimir
old Croatian churches with round buttresses
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:116029 Study programme Title: History of Art Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-10-17 09:29:38
