| Abstract | Istraživanjima neolitika i eneolitika u Istri moguće je odrediti način života zajednica tih perioda. S istočnog Jadrana u Istru dolaze nove tehnologije zemljoradnje, stočarstva i proizvodnje keramike koje mijenjaju način života i započinju doba neolitika. Ljudi prestaju koristiti špilje kao primarne naseobine te ih koriste sezonski, a prelaze u naselja na otvorenome u kojima obitavaju u kućama napravljenim od blata, šiblja i pruća. Pojavom zemljoradnje i domestikacijom stoke stvaraju se hranidbeni viškovi koji olakšavaju život, što ne znači da su drugi izvori prehrane zanemareni kao sakupljanje, lov i ribolov. Zajednice prelaze iz nomadskog u sjedilački ili polunomadski način življenja. Proizvodnja posuda je najvažniji tip keramičkih uradaka koji olakšava logističkih aspekt svakodnevnog života. Ostali keramički proizvodi svjedoče o proizvodnji obuće, odjeće i duhovnosti razdoblja, a sveukupni inventar keramičkih proizvoda i njihovo ukrašavanje služe za karakteriziranje kulturnih formacija. Radiokarbonskim datumima utvrđuju se kronologija kultura i vremenski raspon stanovanja. Oruđe se proizvodilo od cijepanog i glačanog kamenja te kostiju i imalo je određene funkcije ovisno o predmetu. Trgovina je bila prisutna i vidljiva je u materijalu kao što je keramika, litika i bakar. Pojava bakra nagovještava dolazak novog doba eneolitika. Život se nastavlja u istom načinu kao i u neolitiku pored nekih promjena. Dolazi do raslojavanja društva radi pojave bakra koji postaje komoditet utilitarne i ukrasne svrhe te se stočarstvo intenzivira. Keramički stilovi doživljavaju promjene, a prisutnost bakra raste proporcionalno s prolaskom vremena. Vlaška grupa koja pripada srednjem neolitiku odlika je Istre i Krasta kao i metličasta keramika koja je prisutna od neolitika do brončanog doba. Neolitik Istre je dobro istražen, dok se isto ne može reći za eneolitik. |
| Abstract (english) | By researching the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in Istria, it is possible to determine the way of life of the communities of those periods. From the eastern Adriatic, new technologies of agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery production came to Istria, which changed the way of life and started the Neolithic era. People stop using caves as primary settlements and use them seasonally, and transition to open-air settlements where they live in houses made of mud, brushwood, and reeds. With the advent of agriculture and the domestication of livestock, food surpluses are created that make life easier, which does not mean that other sources of nutrition, such as foraging, hunting and fishing, have been neglected. Communities move from a nomadic to a sedentary or semi-nomadic way of life. The production of vessels is the most important type of ceramic work that facilitates the logistical aspect of everyday life. Other ceramic products testify to the production of footwear, clothing and spirituality of the period, and the overall inventory of ceramic products and their decoration serve to characterize cultural formations. Radiocarbon dates determine the chronology of cultures and the time span of habitation. Tools were made from split and polished stones and bones and had certain functions depending on the object. Trade was present and is evident in material such as pottery, lithics and copper. The appearance of copper heralds the arrival of a new age of the Eneolithic. Life continues in the same way as in the Neolithic, with some changes. There is a stratification of society due to the appearance of copper, which becomes a commodity for utilitarian and decorative purposes, and animal husbandry intensifies. Ceramic styles experience changes, and the presence of copper increases proportionally with the passage of time. The Vlach group belonging to the Middle Neolithic is a feature of Istria and Krast, as well as the broom-shaped pottery that is present from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. The Neolithic of Istria has been well researched, while the same cannot be said for the Eneolithic. |
