| Abstract | Uvod: Krvarenje u gastrointestinalnom traktu je definirano kao svaka pojava krvi u probavnom sustavu. Očituje se pojavom specifičnih simptoma (melena - crna stolica, hematemeze - povraćanje krvi, hematohezija - pojavom svježe krvi u stolici). Krvarenja u probavnom sustavu se dijele na krvarenja u donjem dijelu probavnog trakta (tanko i debelo crijevo) i krvarenja u gornjem dijelu probavnog trakta (jednjak, želudac i dvanaesnik). Gornji i donji probavni trakt dijeli Treitzov ligament. Cilj: Utvrditi broj, uzrok i ishod pacijenata sa akutnim krvarenjem iz gornjeg gastrointestinalnog trakta u Objedinjenom hitnom bolničkom prijemu Opće bolnice Zadar u periodu od 3 godine, te objasniti važnost uloge medicinske sestre/tehničara u zbrinjavanju pacijenata s aktivnim krvarenjem iz gornjeg gastrointestinalnog trakta. Materijali i metode : U istraživanju su sudjelovala 152 ispitanika, a koji su zaprimljeni u Objedinjeni hitni bolnički prijem Opće bolnice Zadar pod prijemnom dijagnozom akutnog krvarenja iz gornjeg gastrointestinalnog trakta u vremenskom periodu od 01.01.2019 do 31.12.2021. godine. Prikupljeni su i statistički obrađeni podatci o dobi, spolu, trijažnoj kategoriji, dijagnozi, vremenu obrade, broju dana hospitalizacije koji su preuzeti iz BIS-a Opće bolnice Zadar. Rezultati: Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su u vremenskom periodu od 01.01.2019 do 31.12.2019. pod kliničkom slikom akutnog krvarenja iz gornjem probavnog sustava zbrinuta 152 bolesnika. Od ukupnog broja bolesnika, iznos muškaraca je 113 što iznosi 74%, a žena 39 što iznosi 26%. Prosjek dobi ispitanika iznosila je 72 godine, dok su bolesnici u prosjeku provodili 5,6 dana hospitalizirani. Tijekom boravka u bolnici preminulo je 7 bolesnika, što iznosi 4,6 % . Dijagnostikom kod zaprimljenih bolesnika utvrđeno je da je vodeći razlog krvarenja ulkus na želudcu (32%), zatim varikoziteti jednjaka (30%), ulkus na dvanaesniku (20%), a najmanje ih je bilo zastupljeno zbog Sy. Mallory Weiss (7%), Angiodisplazija (3%) i erozija (3%). Krvarenja iz gornjeg probavnog sustava su se prezentirala najčešće sa melenom (39%), hematemezom (35%), te kombinacijom oba dva simptoma. (21%). |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction: Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is defined as the appearance of blood in the digestive system. It manifests itself mainly in specific symptoms such as the appearance of melena (tarry, extremely black stools), hematemesis (vomiting blood) and hematochezia (the appearance of fresh blood in the stool) bleeding in the digestive system is divided into bleeding in the lower part of the digestive tract (small and large intestine) and bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach and duodenum), and are separated by the ligament of Treitz. Aim: To determine the number, cause and outcome of patients with acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in the Emergency Department of the Zadar General Hospital over a period of 3 years, and to explain the importance of the role of nurses/technicians in the care of patients with active bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods: 152 subjects participated in the study, who were admitted to the General Hospital of Zadar under the initial diagnosis of acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in the period from 01.01.2019 to 31.12.2021. years. Data on age, sex, triage category, diagnosis, processing time, number of days of hospitalization were collected and statistically processed, which were taken from the BIS of the Zadar General Hospital. Results: The research established in the period from 01.01.2019 to 31.12.2021. under the clinical picture of acute bleeding from the upper digestive system, 152 patients were treated. Of the total number of patients, there were 113 men, which is 74%, and 39 women, which is 26%. The average age of admitted patients was 72 years, and the average duration of hospitalization was 5,6 days. During their stay in the hospital, 7 patients died, which is 4.6%. Diagnostics in admitted patients revealed that the leading cause of bleeding was gastric ulcer (32%), followed by esophageal varices (30%), duodenal ulcer (20%), and bleeding due to Sy Mallory Weiss was the least common (7%), Angiodysplasia (3%), erosion (3%). Bleeding from the upper digestive system was presented most often with melena (39%), hematemesis (35%), and a combination of both symptoms. (21%). |
