Title Utjecaj ekspertize na radno pamćenje u šahovskim zadatcima Title (english) The impact of expertise on working memory in chess tasks Author Dominik Čolak Mentor Pavle Valerjev (mentor)Committee member Pavle Valerjev (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Proroković (član povjerenstva)Committee member Lozena Ivanov (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2024-09-26, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Kroz povijest i razvoj psihologije kao znanosti pamćenje i procesi koji utječu na pamćenje često su bili u fokusu istraživanja. U novije vrijeme počelo se razmatrati na koje načine različiti vanjski procesi ili vještine mogu utjecati na pamćenje te kako određene vještine djeluju na procese pamćenja. Šah se smatra kognitivnom igrom u kojoj se uz pomoć različitih kognitivnih sposobnosti dolazi do bolje i kvalitetnije igre. Između ostaloga, istraživanja su pokazala da šahisti imaju neke kognitivne sposobnosti izraženije i bolje razvijene od nešahista, a što je demonstrirano prilikom rješavanja sličnih kognitivnih zadataka. Novija istraživanja pokazala su da je bolje rezultate prilikom ispitivanja nekih sposobnosti, primjerice kratkotrajnog pamćenja, moguće objasniti utjecajem ekspertize unutar područja rješavanja nekog zadatka. Ekspertiza unutar nekog područja odnosi se na ekstenzivno znanje i iskustvo koje pojedinac ima vezano uz djelovanje i teoretiziranje unutar tog istog područja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati kako ekspertiza u šahu utječe na radno pamćenje šahista u usporedbi s nešahistima. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 36 ispitanika – 18 šahista iznimno visokog nivoa i 18 „nešahista“ u dobi od 18 do 45 godina koji su rješavali zadatke dosjećanja šahovske pozicije i zadatak dosjećanja brojeva, pri čemu se mjerio broj njihovih pogrešaka pri dosjećanju. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da nije bilo razlika među šahistima i nešahistima prilikom rješavanja nešahovskog zadatka, kao ni razlika s obzirom na vrstu zadatka dosjećanja kod grupe nešahista. Međutim, šahisti su pokazali značajne razlike u rješavanju zadataka dosjećanja šahovske pozicije naspram dosjećanja brojeva, pri čemu su se bolje dosjećali šahovskih pozicija. Također, dobivena je značajna razlika između šahista i nešahista prilikom rješavanja šahovskog zadatka, pri čemu su šahisti radili manje pogrešaka od nešahista.
Abstract (english) Throughout the history and development of psychology as a science, memory and the processes that influence memory processes have often been the focus of research. More recently, it has begun to consider the ways in which different external processes or skills can affect memory as such, and how certain skills affect memory processes. Chess is considered a cognitive game in which different cognitive abilities are used to achieve a better and better game. Among other things, research has shown that chess players have some cognitive abilities that are more pronounced and better developed than non-chess players, demonstrated when solving similar cognitive tasks. Recent research has shown that one of the possible explanations for better results when testing some abilities, for example shortterm memory, can be explained by the influence of expertise within the area of solving a certain task. Expertise within a field refers to extensive knowledge and experience that an individual has related to action and theorizing within that same field. The goal of this research was to determine the influence of expertise on working memory, manipulating the type of recall task in accordance with the expertise of the participants, in the case of this research - chess players and non-chess players. There were 36 subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 that took part in the test, solving the tasks of remembering chess positions and the task of remembering numbers, in which the number of their errors in remembering was measured. The obtained results indicate that there were no differences between chess players and non-chess players when solving the non-chess task, as well as no differences regarding the type of recall task in the group of non-chess players, while chess players showed significant differences in solving the tasks of recalling chess positions versus recalling numbers, where they performed better guessed chess positions. Also, a significant difference was obtained between chess players and non-players when solving the chess task, whereby chess players made fewer mistakes than non-players.
Keywords
ekspertiza
radno pamćenje
šah
Keywords (english)
expertise
working memory
chess
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:898175 Study programme Title: Psychology Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-10-03 12:29:13
