| Abstract | Hranidba divljih ptica postala je uobičajena ljudska praksa. U početku su se hranilice postavljale
u zimskim i jesenskim mjesecima kada je nadohrana divljih ptica bila najpotrebnija, no danas se
provodi tijekom cijele godine. Usprkos velikoj pomoći preživljavanju, takva hranilišta predstavljaju izvor širenja bolesti jer se na istom mjestu okupljaju ptice koje inače ne bi bile u bliskom
kontaktu.
Kako bi se utvrdilo zdravstveno stanje takvih ptica, pasivno praćenje najznačajnijih mikroorganizama pokazalo se najboljom metodom otkrivanja bolesti. Stoga se u ovom radu uzorkovalo 25
divljih ptica zaprimljenih u Kliniku Zavoda za bolesti peradi i Oporavilište za divlje životinje Veterinarskog fakulteta te su pretražene na sljedeće mikroorganizme: Trichomonas gallinae, Escherichia albertii, Salmonella Typhimurium i Salmonella Enteritidis, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster,
Candida sp. i Aspergillus sp. Ovim istraživanjem obrađeno je 9 obrisaka kloake, 15 obrisaka ždrijela i 19 uzoraka izmeta živih ptica, te četiri otisna preparata žlijezdanog želuca uginulih ptica.
Obrisci ždrijela i kloake uzeti su prilikom pregleda ptica, uzorci izmeta s podloge nastambe u kojoj
životinja boravi, a otisci su pripravljeni od želudaca uginulih ptica. Svi su uzorci obrađeni standardnim mikrobiološkim metodama u bakteriološkom laboratoriju Zavoda za bolesti peradi s klinikom.
Većina pretraženih ptica bila je negativna na predmetne mikroorganizme. Od ukupnog broja pretraženih ptica (25), izolirani su Aspergillus fumigatus iz jednog supa, Candida sp. iz tri goluba i
jednog češljugara, Macrorhabus ornithogaster iz četiri češljugara, dok niti jedan uzorak nije bio
pozitivan na parazita T. gallinae, bakterije E. alberti, S. Typhimurium i S. Enteritidis.
Dokaz mikroorganizama u slobodnoživućih ptica trebalo bi provesti na većem broju uzoraka, posebno na mjestima gdje se ptice okupljaju, kao što su hranilišta. Da bi se isključili lažno pozitivni
i lažno negativni rezultati trebaju se provoditi iste i dodatne pretrage (serološke pretrage, PCR,
punktati zglobova) živih i uginulih životinja. |
| Abstract (english) | Feeding wild birds became a common human practice. In the beginning, the feeders were installed
in the winter and autumn months, when the additional feeding of wild birds was most needed.
Today, this practice is carried out throughout the whole year. Despite the great help for survival,
such feeding grounds represent a source of disease spread because birds that would otherwise not
be in close contact gather in the same place.
In order to determine the health status of such birds, passive monitoring of the most important
microorganisms proved to be the best method of disease detection. Therefore, in this work, 25 wild
birds admitted to the Clinic of the Department of Poultry Diseases and the Wildlife Rehabilitation
Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine were sampled and the following microorganisms
were searched: Trichomonas gallinae, Escherichia albertii, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp. This research included a total of 9 cloacal swabs, 15 pharyngeal swabs, 19 fecal samples from living birds and
proventriculus imprints from 4 dead birds. Smears of the pharynx and cloaca were taken during
the inspection of the birds, fecal samples were taken from the floor of the house where the animal
lives, and imprints were prepared from the proventriculus of dead birds. All samples were processed using standard microbiological methods in the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Department
of Poultry Diseases with Clinic.
Most of the examined birds were negative for the tested bacteria, fungi and parasites. From the
total number of birds (25), A. fumigatus was isolated from one vulture, Candida sp. from three
pigeons and one goldfinch, M. ornithogaster from four goldfinches, while not a single sample was
positive for the parasite T. gallinae, bacteria E. albertii, S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Detection of microorganisms in free-living birds should be carried out on a larger number of samples,
especially in places where birds congregate, such as feeders. In order to rule out false positive and
false negative results, the same and additional tests (serological tests, PCR, joint punctures) should
be performed on living and deceased birds. |
