Castration in bitches is one of the most common surgical procedures routinely performed in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat certain diseases, prevent unwanted pregnancy, and prevent the occurrence of estrus. Like any other surgical procedure, castration exposes the patient to a certain risk that can often be avoided (or at least minimised) by an adequate choice of surgical technique. Precisely because of the high frequency of castration through ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy, numerous complications related to anesthesia and the surgical procedure itself are possible. Complications following castration can be divided into perioperative and postoperative complications, and they occur relatively often. Complications related to anesthesia, hemorrhage, or iatrogenic organ trauma may be observed during the surgical procedure. Complications that occur immediately after surgery include vaginal hemorrhage, wound infection or dehiscence, intestinal and peritoneal adhesions, ovarian remnant syndrome, stump pyometra, fistula or granuloma formation, as well as urinary incontinence in certain breeds of dogs. Precise performance of the surgical procedure results in fewer intraoperative complications and minimizes postoperative morbidity and mortality.