Endocrinopathies are functional disorders of the endocrine glands that lead to an excessive or insufficient concentration of their hormones in the bloodstream. Due to the imbalance of endocrine hormones, numerous complications can occur, of which ophthalmologic problems are not uncommon. This paper describes the most common endocrine disorders and their possible ophthalmologic consequences, with a focus on pathogenesis. Type I diabetes mellitus occurs when pancreatic function fails, resulting in insulin deficiency manifested by elevated blood glucose concentrations, with cataracts being the most well-known ophthalmologic consequence. Hyperadrenocorticism is caused by chronically elevated glucocorticoid concentrations in the blood, usually due to pituitary tumors, and rarely manifests as ocular changes. Acromegaly is a disorder due to excessive production of growth hormone and occurs mainly in cats, with ophthalmologic consequences such as papilledema, blindness and signs related to diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. Pituitary dwarfism is caused by congenital growth hormone deficiency, although ocular signs are rare. Hypothyroidism is common in dogs and is characterized by a sad facial expression and a hairless tail. Ophthalmologic sequelae are rare and include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Horner's syndrome, corneal lipid degeneration and lipids in the aqueous humor. Hyperthyroidism results from increased thyroid hormone production, usually caused by a thyroid adenoma or adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. Typical symptoms are weight loss despite polyphagia, although ocular symptoms are rare. Hypocalcemia can be associated with various diseases. In severe cases, the clinical picture may include seizures, tetany and bradycardia, with the most common ocular consequence being cataracts. In most cases, hypercalcemia results from increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, with the most obvious ophthalmologic consequence being metastatic calcification in the ocular tissue.