Among kidney diseases that occur in dogs, chronic kidney disease and acute renal failure undoubtedly carry great importance. Chronic kidney disease is a syndrome of irreversible and progressive nature where we are met with gradual and progressive renal insufficiency. Therapy in dogs is therefore focused on alleviating symptoms of the disease, which results in an improvement in the quality of life. With this in mind, the success of treatment in kidney patients is difficult to achieve without including a diet aspect into the treatment protocol. The diet plan depends on the patient's clinical stage, as well as individual dependency, thus requiring evaluation and possibly modulation at specified time intervals. The first aim of the agenda is to increase water intake in dehydrated dogs. Further purposes are related to meeting patients' energy requirements of patients to prevent malnutrition and azotemia progression, whereby fats provide an adequate supply of energy. One of the most important principles of the diet is based on reduction and selection of proteins. Considering that most kidney toxins are derived from protein metabolism, the diet strategy aims to reduce the quantity while increasing the quality of proteins in the diet (proteins of animal origin). Regarding lipid intake, it is necessary to increase the amount of omega-3 fatty acids, and decrease saturated fat and cholesterol intake. The next aim of the nutritional plan has to do with electrolytes, namely phosphorus, which should be reduced in the diet, as a decrease in glomerular filtration of phosphorus often leads to hyperphosphatemia in kidney patients. Another complication of the disease is hypertension, which requires an anti-hypertensive diet, precisely, a reduced sodium intake. If hypokalemia is determined in the dog, the diet should be supplemented to offset the loss of potassium with e.g. potassium gluconate. Dogs with chronic kidney disease are often in a state of metabolic acidosis, in which case, alkalizing nutritional support is indicated, more specifically, administration of sodium or calcium bicarbonate. In the case of dogs with acute renal failure, a syndrome in which there is rapid deterioration of renal function and, consequently, azotemia, the possibility of stabilization and recovery of the patient is significantly reduced when nutritional support is excluded from the treatment protocol. Primarily, its purpose is to minimize the negative nutritional balance, which occurs because of protein and energy losses, of course, on the individual level. Due to the overpowering catabolic processes that take place with this disease, special attention is devoted to having the optimum protein intake, as well as an appropriate intake of energy through food. General recommendations include limiting the intake of potassium and phosphorus in order to prevent their accumulation. Uremic dogs often refuse to eat, and so do not fulfill their caloric requirement. This situation is an absolute indication for enteral feeding using probes, while parenteral nutrition is indicated in cases where nutritional requirements are failed to be met via feeding probes.