The progress in implementing regenerative principles has affected both the human and the veterinary orthopaedics, with orthopaedics appearing as one of the most attractive areas for application of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The basic concept of regenerative orthopaedics is based on the understanding and accurate harmonization of relations between the three major components: cells, environments and carriers. The aim of the tissue engineering is to combine the progenitor or the adult stem cells with biocompatible materials or carriers, with or without the appropriate growth factors, in order to facilitate reparation and regeneration. Since there has been a gradual growth in understanding of the molecular and cellular events during the healing cascade, new strategies to improve the healing process have been explored. The whole row of therapeutic procedures and bioactive molecules have been developed to improve the body response and to accelerate the process of bone healing. Some examples are the different types of glycosaminoglycans, growth factor, stem cells, natural grafts (auto-, allo- and xenografts) as well as scaffolds with biological and synthetic basis developed through tissue engineering. These biomaterials and bioactive molecules have some significant limitations, and there are still no generally accepted therapeutic methods to satisfy all the requirements in terms of improving the healing of the bone tissue. The bone tissue engineering, as a set of new therapeutic methods, has the potential to overcome many of the limitations in terms of the bone graft application.