| Abstract | Kunić (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pripada redu dvojezubaca (Lagomorpha), porodici zečeva (Leporidae). Kunići spadaju u obligatne biljojede, čiji probavni sustav je prilagođen probavi
velike količine vlaknaste biljne hrane. Za razliku od drugih biljojeda koji prilikom hranjenja uzimaju cijelu biljku, kunići su selektori hrane i kao takvi pomno odabiru samo najhranjiviji
dio biljke, posebice mlade, sukulentne biljke, grubog rasta. Osobitosti probavnog sustava
kunića su: prisutnost zaglodnjaka, dobro razvijeni distalni dio probavnog sustava (ileocekokolični kompleks, sacculus rotundus, fusus coli), kruta i mekana faza proizvodnje izmeta (proizvodnja cekotrofa), niski pH želuca, specifična mikroflora slijepog crijeva,
relativno visoki metabolički prag i brzo ukupno vrijeme prolaska hrane. Najčešći klinički problemi uočeni u ovih životinja vezani su za probavni sustav. U radu se želi prikazati patofiziološki mehanizam nekih najučestalijih neinfektivnih probavnih stanja i bolesti kunića
(poput bolesti zubi, masne jetre, ulkus želuca, opstrukcija crijeva i crijevnog kompleksa).
Zbog kontinuiranog rasta zubi, kunići su skloni poremećajima zuba. Neadekvatan smještaj i
hranidba imaju veliku ulogu u patogenezi poremećaja zuba. Najčešća patologija usne šupljine kunića je: malookluzija i prerastanje zubi, stečena bolest zubi, apscesi lica, periodontalna patologija s posljedičnim začepljenjem nazolakrimalnog kanala. Najznačajnija bolest jetre u
kunića je masna jetra, povezana sa prolongiranom mršavošću, pretilosti, stresom i visokim energetskim potrebama, poput graviditeta i laktacije. Bolest vezana uz želudac poput
želučanog ulkusa, češće se dijagnosticira kao slučajan nalaz prilikom razudbe, a rjeđe kao
primarni poremećaj. Jedan od najučestalijih probavnih poremećaja zabilježenih u kunića držanih kao kućni ljubimci je želučano-crijevna staza ili začep probavnog sustava, povezan s nepravilnom prehranom. U nekim slučajevima može doći do akutnog proširenja želuca i
crijeva zbog nagle i potpune opstrukcije tankog crijeva. U kompleks upale crijeva uvrštavamo
disbiozu crijeva, proljev koji prema tijeku može biti akutan i kroničan, enterotoksemiju,
mukoidnu enteropatiju, poremećaje cekotrofije i začep slijepog crijeva. U kunića je zabilježena i bolest slična disautonomiji u konja (pašna bolest) ili Key-Gaskell sindrom u mačaka. |
| Abstract (english) | The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) belongs to the order Lagomorpha, and the family Leporidae. Rabbits are classified as a obligatory herbivores, whose digestive system has adapted to digest large amounts of fibrous plant-based food. Rabbits are described as selective feeders; in feeding on natural vegetation, they select carefully only the most nutritious part of the plant, especially the young, succulent plants, coarse growth. The rabbit´s
digestive system is characterized by: the presence of auxiliary incisors (˝peg teeth˝), a well developed hindgut (the ileocaecocolic complex, sacculus rotundus and fusus coli), the hard and soft faeces phases of excretion (cecotrophs production), low gastric pH, specialized caecal microflora, a relatively high metabolic rate and a fast feed-transit time. The most common clinical problems encountered in these animals are related to the digestive system. The aim of the paper is to present the pathophysiological mechanisms of some of the most common non-infectious digestive conditions and diseases in the rabbit (such as dental diseases, hepatic lipidosis, gastric ulceration, intestinal obstruction and enteropathy complex). Rabbits are prone to dental disorders due to continuous growth of all teeth, while inadequate
husbandry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of dental disease, most frequently: dental
malocclusion and overgrowth, acquired dental disease, facial abscesses, periodontal disease, and nasolacrimal duct pathology. The most significant liver disease in rabbits is hepatic lipidosis, which is associated with a prolonged anorexia, obesity, stress and a high energy requirements, e.g. pregnancy and lactation. Gastric disease e.g. gastric ulcers, is more commonly an accidental finding during post-mortem rather than a primarily diagnosed
disorder. Gastrointestinal stasis is by far one of the most common disorders seen in pet rabbits. Very often, it is the consequence on an inappropriate diet. Sudden and complete obstruction of the small intestine, may cause acute gastric and intestinal dilatation. The
enteropathy complex includes dysbiosis, acute and chronic diarrhea, enterotoxemia, mucoid enteropathy, disorders of caecotrophy and caecal impaction. Dysautonomia in the rabbit occurs similarly to dysautonomia in horses (grass sickness) and cats (Key–Gaskell syndrome |
