When selecting the anesthetic protocol for each individual animal, the existence of ASA classification of patients represents a great help. . The ASA classification represents a scale in which patients are classified into categories 1-E depending on the degree of urgency. Since the topic of this graduate thesis of anesthesiology in gynecologic surgery, patients undergoing gynecological interventions mainly fall into category 1 (elective interventions), 4 (pyometra-sepsis) or E (emergency cesarean section). It is important before any surgical procedure to evaluate the risk of surgery taken on the basis of a detailed clinical assessment of the animal and additional diagnostic tests. The choice of anaesthetic protocol must be such as to provide analgesia, muscle relaxation, and different degree of sedation and not to endanger the health of the animal during and after finishing a surgical procedure. In everyday practice, we usually encounter elective procedures; ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy or castration at the owner's request to reduce the aggressiveness of the animals, the desire to wander, and most importantly to reduce the occurrence of neoplastic changes in the reproductive organs at senior age. In this graduate thesis the characteristics of each group of anesthetics used in canine and feline surgery are listed. Furthermore, the etiology and pathophysiology of pyometra,mammary gland neoplasia and cesarean section are described. Anesthetic protocols are proposed for most common elective and emergency procedures in gynecological veterinary surgery with emphasis on the pyometra and cesarean section.