The aim of this graduate thesis was to provide a review of isolated mycoplasmas from canine samples. We have specifically considered the aethiological significance of mycoplasmic findings in dogs with different clinical manifestations, and this work has united past researches of canine mycoplasmas. In 40 years there have been only 50 publications from canine mycoplasmology field, which means it has to be more investigated. So far, 15 types of mycoplasmas are known that cause disease in dogs. Clinical manifestations of canine mycoplasmosis are variant, ranging from respiratory tract diseases, urogenital tract diseases and sterility, meningoencephalomyelitis and meningoencephalitis, severe anemia, septicemia to arthritis. Diagnosis, isolation and identification of these microbes are hampered by the properties of mycoplasmas, they rarely reveal and do not respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Mycoplasmoses are mainly treated with tetracycline antibiotics, since they are resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Since the presence of canine mycoplasmas in humans has been shown on several occasions, it is considered that the disease with zoonotic potential is still to be investigated.