Measurement of the bone mineral density is in the wide clinical use in human medicine, especially in the diagnosis of osteopenia. In veterinary medicine, it is used for experimental purposes in terms of research on animal models of osteoporosis mostly, but its begin to be apply in clinical practice in monitoring of the healing process of bone tissue diseases. In addition, in the literature appears more description studies which monitor the changes in bone mineral density of animals depending on the age and gender with similar conclusions earlier described in men. This paper deals with the available literature data, and provides an overview of current research and application of measurement of bone mineral density in animals. Measurement of bone mineral density in animals is carried out exclusively on human devices with the adjustment of the animal body. Small laboratory animals, rat and mouse, are used mostly as animal model for researching of osteopenia in people. The dog as an animal model is mostly used in monitoring of overgrowth fractures and ossification around the implant. Between large animals, sheep are the most common model for the study of osteoporosis. In dolphins, the osteodensitometry is investigated as an alternative method for estimating of the animal age.