Assisted reproduction technologies include manipulation of animal reproduction under controlled conditions and influence genetic selection by spreading desirable genetics according to desired traits. The application of assisted reproductive technology in stockbreeding has tremendously changed the rate of genetic improvement in breeding programs and strategies. Artificial insemination, embryo transfer and in vitro embryo production are stable technologies that are systematically applied in breeding programs around the world. They enable rapid genetic progress, shortening of generation interval, control of diseases transmission and reduction of production costs. In addition to genetic progress, the application of these biotechnologies in animal breeding enables international trade and transport of frozen embyos, permitts high quality breeding stock to be available for sale in much larger numbers and enables the application of advanced technologies that have additional applications. The development of advanced biotechnology such as sex determination of embryos and sperm, embryo twinning, cloning and production of transgenic livestock will bring further progress in genetics and reproduction of animals. technologies include manipulation of animal reproduction under controlled conditions and influence genetic selection by spreading desirable genetics according to desired traits. The application of assisted reproductive technology in stockbreeding has tremendously changed the rate of genetic improvement in breeding programs and strategies. Artificial insemination, embryo transfer and in vitro embryo production are stable technologies that are systematically applied in breeding programs around the world. They enable rapid genetic progress, shortening of generation interval, control of diseases transmission and reduction of production costs. In addition to genetic progress, the application of these biotechnologies in animal breeding enables international trade and transport of frozen embyos, permitts high quality breeding stock to be available for sale in much larger numbers and enables the application of advanced technologies that have additional applications. The development of advanced biotechnology such as sex determination of embryos and sperm, embryo twinning, cloning and production of transgenic livestock will bring further progress in genetics and reproduction of animals.