Since abdominal compartment syndrome is a very complex and insufficiently researched syndrome, it is understandable that in recent years more attention has been given to it in the both science and clinical research. The development of abdominal compartment syndrome represents a very urgent and life threatening condition with a high mortality rate because it is often accompanied by numerous complications as well as multiple organ failure. This syndrome has been recognized in human medicine for years and also its classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostis procedures and treatment guidelines have been described as well. On the other hand, the appearance of this syndrome in veterinary clinical practice often goes unrecognized and undiagnosed. Because of a wide range of non-specific symptoms that occur in dogs and also due to the rare practice of measuring intra-abdominal pressure, the development of compartment syndrome is often not recognized in veterinarians or it is attributed to some other organic diseases. For the same reason, very few experiments, clinical trials or scientific studies have been conducted to explain the development and progression of this syndrome in veterinary medicine. Since the limits of intra-abdominal pressure are not clearly defined in dogs, it is difficult to say when abdominal hypertension actually occurs and whether it will turn into a life-treatin condition. Furthermore, the guidelines for treatement in veterinary patients are not specific, an individual treatment protocol for dogs is not described so far, so the treatment is carried out according to guidelines taken from human medicine. To sum up, there is no doubt that it is necessary to organise various scientific and clinical studies that will contribute to a better understanding of this syndrome, which will contribute to its easier recognition, better diagnosis and more successful treatment for the benefit of all future patients.