The traditional system of keeping goats is characterized by low productivity combined with no possibility of achieving large economic gains due to their seasonality. Over the years there has been a more frequent transition to an intensive method of breeding and development of various biotechnological methods that can affect the regulation of the sexual cycle, which would increase the economic efficiency of goats. Intensive housing system increases the frequency of kidding by shortening the period of sexual inactivity and thus can achieve 3 births in 2 years, and to amplify that advancement methods of reproduction control had been developed and researched (nonhormonal or hormonal). The advantage of sexual cycle control is that it allows mating when it is in the interest of the breeder, which would ensure equal milk production throughout the year. In addition to economic viability in the form of offspring and milk, the methods developed so far to control the sexual cycle also affect the avoidance of pathologies during parturition, as it is possible to harmonize birth dates within the flock and thus enable veterinary assistance in a timely manner. A full understanding of goat breeding from sexual maturity to neurohormonal regulation of the sexual cycle is key to increasing productivity and breeding efficiency in goat flocks. Understanding the breeding process in goats will greatly help more efficient management with respect to the breeding of indigenous and non-indigenous goat breeds. By introducing new breeds of goats that are not dependent on the season, it is possible to improve and advance this branch of livestock production.